文学作品中拟声词的运用比较

摘 要 :文学作品中拟声词的运用很丰富,它能增强声势和动态方面的描绘效果.本文对英汉文学作品中拟声词的运用进行了讨论.

关 键 词 :拟声词,文学作品

一、文学作品中拟声词的运用

语言中凡以摹仿真物或动作的声音而构成的词称为拟声词.拟声词用的恰当可以加深印象、增强对声势、动态的描绘效果.中外文学作品中拟声词的运用都很丰富,拟声造词法不断地丰富了词汇涵义.

一般来说,汉语和英语的拟声词有着许多共同之处,有不少可以找到对应词.但是在许多情况下,汉语和英语的拟声词各具特色.

二、中英文学作品中拟声词的共性

1.作独立成分 例: ①叮咚！叮咚！泉水在不停地流淌这着.②轰-轰-轰轰- 巨大的爆炸声从山后滚滚而来.③哈哈哈,这不要紧.④拍等一声响,那枝烟短成两段.⑤妈妈,我回来了.

①Dingdong！ Dingdong！ The spring is flowing. ②“Boom等boom等boom-boom等” The thunderous sound rolled in from the other side of the mountains.③Ha！ Ha！ Ha！ What does it matter④Crack！ 等 the long ivory opium-pipe broke in two. ⑤Mamma！ I’m home now.

2.作谓语 例:①引擎轰隆轰隆响个不停. ②大梁压向地面,绞紧了绳子,发出吱吱嘎嘎声与磨滚的扎扎隆隆声,以及骆驼偶尔发出的呼噜叹息声响成了一片.③一个蛟子哼哼哼,两个苍蝇嗡嗡嗡.

①The engine roared on. ②The beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and signs of the camels. ③A mosquito hums and hums. Two flies drone and drone.

3.作定语例:一阵噼噼的鞭炮声,在官渠岸的小巷里爆发了,惊动了梁三老汉.Popping firecrackers in a lane in Guan Creek Hamlet startle old Liang out of his contemplation.

三、中英文学作品中拟声词的差异比较

汉语的拟声词多半带有形容词性质,在句中可作定语、状语或谓语.但是英语中的拟声词多半属于动词或名词,往往在句中作谓语、主语或宾语.翻译时应注意原拟声词的词类属性及句子成分的转换.例:①唱吧,布谷,现在唱吧,布谷.Sing, cuckoo, now. Sing cuckoo.②拨拉！拨拉！黄浦的水怒吼着,甲板上那几位半酒醉的老板们都仰起了哈哈大笑.The waters of the Huangpoo splashed and gurgled around the laughing, wine-flushed party on deck.. ③“没有水了”,他喃喃地说道.“No water left”, he muttered. ④河边一颗歪斜要倒的树上,有两只不知名的灰色羽毛的鸟,不住的朝着他叫着“咯咯呀呀”的难听的声音.On a leaning, collapsing tree on the riverbank there was a pair of birds whose names he did not know, with grey plumage, keeping up a continual harsh chatter at him. ⑤北风吹的呼呼的.A north wind is whistling.

像其他的修饰手段一样,拟声词的运用必须有所节制.用得过多了,不仅起不到作用,反而会使人感到累赘.因此汉译英时,原文中的拟声词并不是在任何情况下都必须用拟声词来处理,有时可根据上下文,略而不译.例:①她见江华噗哧笑了,自己也忍不住地笑起来.Jiang Hua laughed at that, and she could not helping joining in. ③我闻琵琶已叹息,又闻此语重唧唧. I had sighed when I first heard the lute, and now I heard her story which made me lament.

汉语原文中的一些动词虽非拟声词,但由于它所表示的动作往往会带来某种声响,所以英译时可结合具体情况运用英语拟声动词来表达.例:觉来盼前庭,一鸟鸣.(李白《春日醉起言志》)When I awoke and looked around me, I saw a bird chirping among the flowers.

拟声不仅是一种构词法,也是修饰的一种有效手段.因此,在文学翻译中如果善于处理和运用拟声词,也就为确切翻译增添了一项有利条件,使译文可读性更强.但也不能滥用,否则会过犹而不及.