中英信息结构的对比与翻译

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摘 要:译者做到源语和目标语形式上的对等是很难的,但意义上的对等是必须的.因此,翻译就是不同语言形式的转换,目的是通过不同语言介质表达相同的信息.本文旨在通过中英文信息结构的对比对两者的翻译提供借鉴.

关 键 词:信息结构;中英文;翻译

Abstract:Asatranslator,tomaintainequivalenceinformofthetargetlanguageandtheoriginallanguageisquietdifficult,butitisessentialtokeepequivalenceinmeaning.Therefore,translationisatranormationbetweendifferentformsoflanguage,andthepurposeistoconveythesameinformationviadifferentlanguagecarrier.ThispaperaimstobenefitthetranslationbetweenChineseandEnglishbymakingparisonoftheinformationstructureofthesetwo.

Keywords:informationstructure,EnglishandChinese,translation

ComparisonandTranslationofInformationStructurebetweenEnglishandChinese

Ⅰ.Overviewofinformationstructure

TherepresentativeofPragueschool,MathesiusandFirbasviewedthatlanguageisafunctionalsystemwhichaimstoconveyinformationandachievethemunicativefunction.Thesentenceisconstructedintheorderof'giveninformation+newinformation'.Giveninformationistheme,andnewinformationisrheme.OnthebaseoftheinformationstructureofPragueschool,Hallidayproposedamoredetaileddescriptiontotheconceptofthemeandrheme.Heholdsthatthemeis'whatisknownoratleastobviousinagivensituation'.Rhemeis'whatissaidaboutit',anditisusuallythenewinformation.

Ⅱ.DifferencesofinformationstructurebetweenEnglishandChinese

Becauseoftheimpactofthinkingmode,EnglishandChinesehethefollowingdifferenceswhenexpressingthesamecontent:


1.Subjectandtopic

About1970s,WesternscholarsC.N.LiandS.A.ThompsonconcludedEnglishissortofsubject-prominentlanguage,andthesentencestructureisthesubject-predicatestructure,hencethethemeisusuallythesubject,whileChineseisatopic-prominentlanguage,andtheconstructionofsentenceisusuallythemodeoftopic-ment,thusthemaintopicisbasicallytheme.ThetopicinChinese,inmanycases,isnotstrictlycorrespondingtothesubjectinEnglish,itisusuallymanifestedinthepositionofobject,predicateandadverbialinEnglishsentence.

中英信息结构的对比与翻译参考属性评定
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2.Hypotaxisandparataxis

Englishhasasalientfeatureofhypotaxis.Englishalwayshighlightsthepletenessofforminlanguagestructure,andthepletenessofformisdependedonlotsoflogicalconjunctions,prepositions,relativepronouns,adverbsandothernon-finiteverbstructureinordertorelatethesubordinateinformationtothetrunkofasentenceordiscourse.Chinese,formedalanguagestructuralcharacteristicthatemphasizinginternalrelationandimplicitrelationinhundredsofthousandsofyearsofhistory,thatisthe'parataxis'.TheorderofChinesesentenceisdependedontheverb,andunfoldedwithchronologicalandlogicalorder.

3.Reverseorderandthenaturalorder

Westerners,whenunderstandingthings,usuallyfollowthemode'fromparttothewhole,frompointtotheline',thatis,thelinearthinkingmode.WhiletheChineseareaccustomedto'beataroundthebush'whenthinking,thatisthespiralthinkingmode,tounderstandthingromthewhole.Lookedfromthelanguagelevel,thatEnglishspeakersareusedtoputforwardtheiropinion(whattheythinkimportant)first,thengivingmentaboutit,buttheChineseisaccustomedtothemodethatmentirstandthenconclusion.Theyputtheimportantcontentinthelatterpart.Cognitivelinguists,basedonmanydataparisons,heldthatChinesesequenceioresimilartothemodehumanunderstanding.Therefore,Chinesefollowsthenaturalorder,WhileEnglishisinthereverseorder.

Ⅲ.DifferencesofinformationstructureofEnglishandChineseintranslation

Inessence,theprocessoftranslationistoreproducethecontentofsourcelanguageinthetargetlanguage.Becauseofthehuman'onnesswhenexpressingthesamecontentindifferentlanguage,thatiromtheoldtothenew,thuakingitpossibletomaintainthesourceinformationintargetlanguage.However,duetothedifferencesinthinkingmodebetweenEnglishandChinese,aswellasthedifferencesinanizationandarrangementofinformation,thereforeitisnecessarytoabandonthethematicstructureinsourcelanguageandadoptthethematicstructureintargetlanguage,anditisalsothemostmonusedstrategyintranslation.

1.Maintaintheinformationstructureofthesourcelanguageauchaspossible

Themecarriesthegiveninformation,rhemecarriesthenewinformation.ThisruleisquietnormalinbothEnglishandChinese,andthiakeitpossiblethattomaintaintheinformationstructureinsourcelanguageauchasthatintargetlanguage.

2.Adjustthethematicstructureaccordingtotheconventionsoftargetlanguage

Chinesefollowsamodelof'topic+ment'thatthemeisusuallythesubject,butEnglishisconstructedas'subject+predicate'thatthemeisthesubjectofthesentence.ThereforeatranormationoftheconstructionofsentencebetweenEnglishandChineseisinevitable.Theconstructionofsentencestructure,forChinesethefocusistodeterminethetopic,whileforEnglishitisthesubjectthatcounts,thetopicofChinesefreetochange,butinEnglishthecohesionandcoherenceofthewholetextmustrelyonastableandpropersubject.

Ⅳ.Conclusion

TherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthecognitivestyletowardstheobjectiveworldbetweenEnglishandChinese,thereforetherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesintheformofanizationandmanifestation.Asatranslator,toachievetheultimategoalofthereproductionofthesourceinformation,weshouldmaintaintheinformationstructureofthesourcelanguageauchaspossible,andrearrangetheorderofthesentenceaccordingtotheconventionoftargetlanguagetoenhancethereadabilityandauthenticityofthetranslatedversion.

References:

[1]HallidayM.AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar.Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2000.

[2]NidaEA.Language,CultureandTranslating.Shanghai:ForeignLanguageEducationPress,1977.

[3]朱永生.主位推进模式与语篇分析.外语教学与研究,1995.

作者简介:巩雨(1988.9-),女,汉族,山西忻州人,山西财经大学经贸外语学院2010级外国语言学及应用语言学研究生,主要研究方向:英语教育.