摘 要:译者做到源语和目标语形式上的对等是很难的,但意义上的对等是必须的.因此,翻译就是不同语言形式的转换,目的是通过不同语言介质表达相同的信息.本文旨在通过中英文信息结构的对比对两者的翻译提供借鉴.
关 键 词:信息结构;中英文;翻译
Abstract:Asatranslator,tomaintainequivalenceinformofthetargetlanguageandtheoriginallanguageisquietdifficult,butitisessentialtokeepequivalenceinmeaning.Therefore,translationisatranormationbetweendifferentformsoflanguage,andthepurposeistoconveythesameinformationviadifferentlanguagecarrier.ThispaperaimstobenefitthetranslationbetweenChineseandEnglishbymakingparisonoftheinformationstructureofthesetwo.
Keywords:informationstructure,EnglishandChinese,translation
ComparisonandTranslationofInformationStructurebetweenEnglishandChinese
Ⅰ.Overviewofinformationstructure
TherepresentativeofPragueschool,MathesiusandFirbasviewedthatlanguageisafunctionalsystemwhichaimstoconveyinformationandachievethemunicativefunction.Thesentenceisconstructedintheorderof'giveninformation+newinformation'.Giveninformationistheme,andnewinformationisrheme.OnthebaseoftheinformationstructureofPragueschool,Hallidayproposedamoredetaileddescriptiontotheconceptofthemeandrheme.Heholdsthatthemeis'whatisknownoratleastobviousinagivensituation'.Rhemeis'whatissaidaboutit',anditisusuallythenewinformation.
Ⅱ.DifferencesofinformationstructurebetweenEnglishandChinese
Becauseoftheimpactofthinkingmode,EnglishandChinesehethefollowingdifferenceswhenexpressingthesamecontent:
1.Subjectandtopic
About1970s,WesternscholarsC.N.LiandS.A.ThompsonconcludedEnglishissortofsubject-prominentlanguage,andthesentencestructureisthesubject-predicatestructure,hencethethemeisusuallythesubject,whileChineseisatopic-prominentlanguage,andtheconstructionofsentenceisusuallythemodeoftopic-ment,thusthemaintopicisbasicallytheme.ThetopicinChinese,inmanycases,isnotstrictlycorrespondingtothesubjectinEnglish,itisusuallymanifestedinthepositionofobject,predicateandadverbialinEnglishsentence.
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2.Hypotaxisandparataxis
Englishhasasalientfeatureofhypotaxis.Englishalwayshighlightsthepletenessofforminlanguagestructure,andthepletenessofformisdependedonlotsoflogicalconjunctions,prepositions,relativepronouns,adverbsandothernon-finiteverbstructureinordertorelatethesubordinateinformationtothetrunkofasentenceordiscourse.Chinese,formedalanguagestructuralcharacteristicthatemphasizinginternalrelationandimplicitrelationinhundredsofthousandsofyearsofhistory,thatisthe'parataxis'.TheorderofChinesesentenceisdependedontheverb,andunfoldedwithchronologicalandlogicalorder.
3.Reverseorderandthenaturalorder
Westerners,whenunderstandingthings,usuallyfollowthemode'fromparttothewhole,frompointtotheline',thatis,thelinearthinkingmode.WhiletheChineseareaccustomedto'beataroundthebush'whenthinking,thatisthespiralthinkingmode,tounderstandthingromthewhole.Lookedfromthelanguagelevel,thatEnglishspeakersareusedtoputforwardtheiropinion(whattheythinkimportant)first,thengivingmentaboutit,buttheChineseisaccustomedtothemodethatmentirstandthenconclusion.Theyputtheimportantcontentinthelatterpart.Cognitivelinguists,basedonmanydataparisons,heldthatChinesesequenceioresimilartothemodehumanunderstanding.Therefore,Chinesefollowsthenaturalorder,WhileEnglishisinthereverseorder.
Ⅲ.DifferencesofinformationstructureofEnglishandChineseintranslation
Inessence,theprocessoftranslationistoreproducethecontentofsourcelanguageinthetargetlanguage.Becauseofthehuman'onnesswhenexpressingthesamecontentindifferentlanguage,thatiromtheoldtothenew,thuakingitpossibletomaintainthesourceinformationintargetlanguage.However,duetothedifferencesinthinkingmodebetweenEnglishandChinese,aswellasthedifferencesinanizationandarrangementofinformation,thereforeitisnecessarytoabandonthethematicstructureinsourcelanguageandadoptthethematicstructureintargetlanguage,anditisalsothemostmonusedstrategyintranslation.
1.Maintaintheinformationstructureofthesourcelanguageauchaspossible
Themecarriesthegiveninformation,rhemecarriesthenewinformation.ThisruleisquietnormalinbothEnglishandChinese,andthiakeitpossiblethattomaintaintheinformationstructureinsourcelanguageauchasthatintargetlanguage.
2.Adjustthethematicstructureaccordingtotheconventionsoftargetlanguage
Chinesefollowsamodelof'topic+ment'thatthemeisusuallythesubject,butEnglishisconstructedas'subject+predicate'thatthemeisthesubjectofthesentence.ThereforeatranormationoftheconstructionofsentencebetweenEnglishandChineseisinevitable.Theconstructionofsentencestructure,forChinesethefocusistodeterminethetopic,whileforEnglishitisthesubjectthatcounts,thetopicofChinesefreetochange,butinEnglishthecohesionandcoherenceofthewholetextmustrelyonastableandpropersubject.
Ⅳ.Conclusion
TherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthecognitivestyletowardstheobjectiveworldbetweenEnglishandChinese,thereforetherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesintheformofanizationandmanifestation.Asatranslator,toachievetheultimategoalofthereproductionofthesourceinformation,weshouldmaintaintheinformationstructureofthesourcelanguageauchaspossible,andrearrangetheorderofthesentenceaccordingtotheconventionoftargetlanguagetoenhancethereadabilityandauthenticityofthetranslatedversion.
References:
[1]HallidayM.AnIntroductiontoFunctionalGrammar.Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2000.
[2]NidaEA.Language,CultureandTranslating.Shanghai:ForeignLanguageEducationPress,1977.
[3]朱永生.主位推进模式与语篇分析.外语教学与研究,1995.
作者简介:巩雨(1988.9-),女,汉族,山西忻州人,山西财经大学经贸外语学院2010级外国语言学及应用语言学研究生,主要研究方向:英语教育.