网站原创Abstract: In this paper, we are concerned with some issues in discussions of linguistic gradience, the extent to which diachronic change may be said to be gradual, and the relationship between gradient system and gradualness in change from the perspective of grammaticalization understood. The aim of this paper is to discuss how gradience intersects with the gradual changes which appear to be characteristic of grammaticalization on the assumption that: “changes are always manifested in synchronic variation”.
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摘 要 ：这篇论文关注的是语言法化过程中的过渡性,历时变化中的渐进性以及过渡系统与渐进变化的关系.此文建立在 “变化总会表现在共时变化中”这一检测设上,旨在讨论历时系统的过渡性与渐进性变化这两个语法化过程中的特点如何相交.
Key words: gradience；gradualness； grammaticalization
关 键 词 ：过渡性；渐进性；语法化
作者简介：朱晓雯,女,西南大学外国语学院硕士研究生,主要研究方向为英语语言文学.
[中图分类号]：H31[文献标识码]：A
[文章编号]：1002-2139(2012)-11-0132-01
In order to discuss the question about the intersection between gradience and grammaticalization, we propose to distinguish gradience as a synchronic phenomenon, and gradualness as a diachronic one. Synchronically, strings can be arranged on continua of categoriality and of grammaticalness. We see diachronic gradualness as a sequence of discrete micro-steps affecting various aspects of the use and structure of a linguistic sign.
For gradience, one aspect of it is that some members of a category are ‘better’ than others. This relates either to Goodness of Exemplar or to Degree of Membership in prototype theory (Denison, 2001, Croft, 2007). Another aspect of gradience is the fuzziness of boundaries between categories (Denison, 2006). For gradualness, it refers to the fact that most change involves micro-changes, an issue which is sometimes overlooked in considerations of more general patterns of language change. As Brinton and Traugott (2005) observe, although change is sometimes understood as A > B, studies of gradualness in linguistic change attempt to uncover “the tiny local steps between A and B that the arrow ‘>’ enpasses”. As Lightfoot (1979) showed, successions of micro-changes may in some cases lead to macro-effects.
Although there is a clear relationship between diachronic gradualness and synchronic gradience, the evidence from grammaticalization has shown that the intersection of all three raises many challenging issues that need us to research deeply in the future.
Works cited：
[1]、Brinton, L. J. & Traugott, E. C. Lexicalization and Language Change [Research Surveys in Linguistics]. Cambridge: CUP, 2005.
[2]、Croft, W. Beyond Aristotle and Gradience: A Reply to Aarts. Studies in Language, 2007.
[3]、Denison, D. Category change and gradience in the determiner system. The Handbook of the History of English. Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.
[4]、Denison, D. Gradience and linguistic change. Historical Linguistics 1999: Selected Papers from the 14th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Vancouver, 9–13 August 1999. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2001.
[5]、Lightfoot, D. Principles of Diachronic Syntax [Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 23]. Cambridge: CUP, 1979.