高中英语写作技巧例析

【摘 要 】高中英语写作能力的培养和提高,不仅有赖于扎实的基础、灵活多变的写作方法和大量的写作实践,并且要求我们英语教师在平时应不断地钻研作文的辅导方法,积累更多的切实可行的英语写作技巧教与学生.

【关 键 词 】英语写作；技巧；扩展成文；积累【中图分类号】G623.31 【文献标识码】B【文章编号】2095-3089（2012）13-0235-02

英语写作主要考核学生运用书面英语的能力.它要求学生根据所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料.但并非要求学生按照“提示”逐句翻译,而是要求学生在充分领会提示的“前提”下,用自己的语言,组织成一篇内容充实、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文.由于受语言水平和训练方式等因素的影响,相当一部分学生对完成英语写作要求有较大的困难,写出的英文文章缺乏结构性、逻辑性和连贯性,语法结构和词汇拼写错误较多.

上述情况一方面说明在平时,我们要对学生加强词汇、语法、句型教学及操练.另一方面也让我们意识到,英语写作是有潜力可挖的,只要我们英语教师不断地钻研作文的辅导方法,积累更多的切实可行的英语写作技巧教与学生,这也不失为快速﹑有效﹑全面地解决问题,提高学生英语写作水平的好方法.本人根据十年来的实践探索和分析,总结了一些高中英语写作的技巧和相关的注意事项,望能对学生的写作有所帮助.

写作中一些技巧：

Ⅰ、审题：所谓审题就是要看清题意,确定文章的中心思想、主题,并围绕中心思想组织材料.

Ⅱ、进行构思,列出简单的提纲：审好题、立好意后,就要写提纲,打造文章的骨架.文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落,铺设好过渡,处理好开头和结尾.

Ⅲ、扩展成文：根据字数多少扩展成篇.扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题.展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等.可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式.

在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题：

1.确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性.

2.要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排,避免段落内容的交叉.

3、用好连接词,注意段落间、句子间的连贯性.要做到所写文章层次分明,思路清晰,文字连贯,就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁,而连接词起的正是桥梁作用.

在扩展的过程中也有些窍门,以下几点是自己平时的一些积累：

一、在整篇文章中,避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语.

现就遣词与造句的技巧举例如下：

1.遣词的技巧

1）用词避免重复

同一内容的不同表述会彰显学生对词汇灵活运用的能力.如表达“喜欢”,除用like外还可以用enjoy,be fond of,be crazy about,be keen on等.例如：I like watching TV while she enjoys reading books.

2）选用高级词汇

使用一些高级词汇或与众不同的结构会给人留些深刻的印象.如表达“掌握（英语）”,我们可以用learn＼grasp＼master（English）,还可以用mand（English）.

2.造句的技巧

1.合并法

1）合并为简单句

（1）利用非谓语形式

Mei Lan left her room.She made her way to the hospital.→Mei Lan left her room,making her way to the hospital.

（2）利用介词短语

She appeared suddenly. Everybody surprised.→Everybody was surprised at her sudden appearance.＼To everyone’s surprise,she appeared suddenly.

（3）利用形容词状语

The lost boy returned home at last. He was safe and sound .→The lost boy returned home at last,safe and sound.

（4）利用同位语

Mary is a mild-mannered woman. She married Thad.But Thad is a violently-tempered man.→Mary,a mild-mannered woman,married Thad, a violently-tempered man.

2）合并为并列句

Anna’s husband fet her birthday. Anna was very disappointed.→Anna was very disappointed,for her husband fet her birthday.Anna’s husband fet her birthday；thus,she was very disappinted.

3）合并为复合句

We live in the world.The world is in constant motion and in constant change.→The world in which we live is in constant motion and in constant change

2.特殊句式法

合理利用英语中的倒装句,强调句,省略句等能使文章简洁有力,更具有感染力.例如：

In the north of Haifeng city lies our school, a provincial key senior school ,which is very beautiful with many trees. It was our powerful government that sed the serious situation!

The Inter does enable people to municate with each other more easily and quickly.

He ge the same answer as before.

二、准确地巧用关联词

表顺承关系：what’s more, besides, moreover, in addition等.

The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.

2）表转折关系：but,however,yet, on the contrary, in contrast, whereas等.

The young man doesn’t enjoy his fomer job. On the contraty,he finds the new job is very interesting.

表因果关系：since, as, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that等.

These birds are very rare. Therefore they are protected by law.

4）表条件关系：if, on condition （that）, as long as, unless, or else等.

I’ll e on condition that John is invited too.

5）表特定的顺序关系：fistly,secondly, then, finally, last but not the least, to begin with, above all等.

Firstly, I’ll mention the advantages, and then I’ll talk about the disadvantages.

6）换一种方法表述：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等.

Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard.In other words,

you failed.

7）进行举例说明：for instance, for example, like, such as等.

A lot of us want to lee now, for example,Bill.

8）用于陈述事实：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等.

To tell you the truth, who will go to the meeting is not important.

9）对一个话题进行总结：on the whole, in short, all in all, in a word等.

In short,the film is the best I’ve ever seen.

三、巧用动词时态

不同的时态及语气,会给人传递不同的心情体验.试比较：

1）I expect you to visit our school soon.（心情一般）→

I am expecting you to visit our school soon.（心情急切）

2）I am missing you very much.（此时的心情）→

I he been missing you since we pasted last year.（长时间的心情）

3）She is late for English class again.（厌烦情绪一般）→

She is always late for English class.（特别厌烦）

4）How hard some students find it to tear themselves away from puter games!

Ⅳ、使用不同长度的句子.如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话,通过分句和合句或用两句、三句来表达,增强句子的连贯性和表现力.

Ⅴ、改变句子的开头方式,不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序.可以把状语至于句首,或用分词等.

Ⅵ、确定文章用第几人称写,基本时态是什么.使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明.时态要尽量保持一致.

Ⅶ、检查修改：要检查复核,不要写完了事.

要留时间通读全文,修改可能出现的错误.检查上下文是否连贯,句子衔接是否自然流畅.检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅,该用连词的地方用了没有,所用的连词是否合适,是否有语法错误,主谓是否一致,动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确,词组的搭配是否合乎习惯,是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等,还有就是注意卷面整洁.

总之,英文写作是一个学生英语综合能力的书面体现,它需要一个长期复杂的训练过程.但是如果教师让学生在了解掌握写作技巧的基础上,同时不断从学生的实际水平出发,有目的、有计划、有要求、有检查、有反馈地培养学生的写作能力,由易到难,循序渐进,那么学生到写的时候就能做到厚积薄发、思如泉涌、下笔如有神.