文中英文摘要,英文摘要

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:陈国浒

论文题目:长白山天池火山形变监测与模拟研究

作者简介,男,年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获学位.

InSAR技术凭借其独特的优势可以直接获取大范围的,连续空间覆盖的火山形变的定量化基础数据.

本论文分别对2景ENVISAT数据(20041015,20051104)和5景JERS-1数据(19930615,19940829,19950816,19980707,19980820)进行了分析处理.其中ENVISAT数据因为相干性差而未能获得形变场信息.对JERS-1数据进行处理,获取了一系列干涉图,差分干涉图,相干性图像和强度图等产品.其中19950816/19980820这对JERS数据的计算结果比较理想,其差分干涉图显示在1995~1998年期间长白山天池火山东南角位于朝鲜境内的间白山火山大约有6~12cm左右的隆起.尽管没有其他可以进行相互对比验证的资料和数据,但间白山地区较为频繁的地震活动,可从一定程度上证实这一区域的活动性.

在长白山地区进行了CR-InSAR技术试验研究

虽然InSAR技术弥补了以往各种测量手段(如常规水准测量,GPS测量)的不足,能够对地表进行大面积形变监测,具有很大的优势,但其局限性却也不容忽略,如时间去相干,空间去相干和大气扰动造成的延迟等问题,都会给干涉形变测量带来误差.CRInSAR和PSInSAR技术的出现有效地提高了重轨图像系列的时间相干性和空间相干性,实现了植被茂密地区的微量形变观测,测量精度也较常规InSAR测量精度有所提高.

在进行了一系列前期准备工作(包括相关地质背景资料的分析,光学影像的解译,地形地貌的分析等)后,于2006年8月在长白山天池火山周围布设了10个角反射器点,并于2007年4月13日获取了架设角反射器后的第一景ENVISAT数据,通过影像特征分析发现了7个角反射点位,没发现的三个点位海拔都在1600m以上,可能是因为影像获取时长白山积雪尚未融化所致.

利用Mogi点源模型和Okada拉张位错源模型进行反演

为了研究不同时段地下岩浆活动特点,笔者便利用1995-1998年InSAR资料,以及2002~2003年的水准和GPS观测数据进行模拟研究.

尝试了不同模型和不同模型组合,分别利用Mogi单源,Mogi双源,Okada三轴拉张模型,Mogi双源和Okada拉张模型的联合等进行反演计算.最终通过误差分析发现,Mogi双源模型拟合效果最佳,两个点源一个位于长白山天池老火山口下方7.9km处,另一个位于间白山火山下方5.5km处.Mogi双源模型还跟InSAR结果具有一定的一致性,利用双源模型正演InSAR形变场也取得了比较好的效果.创造性地利用Okada三轴拉张模型进行了反演计算,计算结果表明:三轴拉张源位于天池火山口偏北处,NNE和NWW方向拉张明显,跟深部探测资料结果对应较好,被认为是天池下方压力源更详细的状态描述.天池火山和间白山火山岩浆囊位置的连线方向与该地区一条地震活动性很强隐伏断裂的走向基本一致,推测两岩浆囊之间可能存在岩浆通道,岩浆的活动和运移可能是造成该断裂和地震活动的原因.长白山地区火山活动在时间上具有间歇性,在空间上存在迁移性.该火山区活动可能正在从初始扰动期开始向动荡期过渡,应加强火山地震,形变,水化活动性监测尤其是固定站连续观测,以预测其喷发的危险性.

关 键 词:D-InSARCR-InSAR长白山天池火山Mogi点源模型Okada拉张模型火山岩浆囊参数eformationmonitoringandsimulationresearchofMt.ChangbaiTianchivolcano

ChenGuoHu

ABSTRACT

ThisthesisisastudyonthedeformationmonitoringoftheTianchivolcanointheChangbaiMountainsbyusingthetechniquesofdifferentialinterferometrysyntheticapertureradar(D-InSAR)andputernumericalsimulation.UsingD-InSARtechnologythedeformationfieldof1995～1998ofJianbaishanvolcanowhichliesinthesoutheastofMt.Changbaiisobtained.TencornerreflectorshebeedinstalledaroundMt.ChangbaiinordertocarryouttestresearchofCR-InSARtechnique.UsingthedataofGPSandlevelingsurveyingof2002-2003,theMogi'sPointSourcemodelandOkada'stensilepointsourcemodelinversioniadetoobtaintheoptimumparametersofmagmachamberintheMt.Changbaivolcano,andtheinversionresultsareappliedtoforwardsimulationofthedeformationfieldfromD-InSAR.Thisworkisonthebasisofpreviousthestudies,andthemainresultsandinnovationareaollows:

①Investigatingthemeansofdeformationmonitoringaroundvolcanoareasandthecurrentsituationofresearch.

Deformationobservationisthemainmeanstomonitortheactivityofmagmaticandforecastvolcanoeruptions.Althoughsometectonicactivityanddeformationcannotbeatthepeakbeforeeruption,themajorityofthevolcaniceruptionsdidheobvioussurfacedeformation.Accuratemeasurementsofsurfacedeformationcanbeusedfortheresearchofvolcanicactivityandvolcaniceruptionprediction.Thesurfacedeformationdatacanbeusedfornumericalsimulationinordertogetparametersofvolcanicmagmachambers(size,pressuredepth,etc)andimportantinformationoftheundergroundstructureofrelatedhydrothermalsystems.

Inthisthesis,thestatusquoanddeficiencyofthemeansofdeformationmonitoringatthevolcanicareasarepresentedanddiscussed,theadvantageofthetechnologyofInSARisintroduced.Attheendofthispart,thesignificanceandbackgroundofthisresearcharegiven.

②InvestigatinggeologicalconditionsandpresentsituationofresearchintheMt.Changbaivolcanoarea.

DuringtheNinthFive-yearandTenthFive-yearProjectperiod,prehensiveresearcheshebeenmadeontheactivityoftheMt.Changbaivolcano,includinolcanicgeology,geophysics,deformation,mineralogy,lithology,geochemistry,dating,environmenteffectandvolcanichazardpredictionandmonitoring-control,andsoon.TheresultsshowthatMt.ChangbaivolcanoisanactivevolcanowithmostpotentialeruptionhazardinChina,anditisbeinginthestagefromaninitialdisturbancestatetoaroilytstage.

Analyzingtheseresearchresultsprovidessomeinformationforfollowingresearchwork.

③UsingD-InSARtechnology,thedeformationinthenearfieldoftheMt.Changbaiisobtained.

Becauseoftheplexterrainandadverseclimaticconditions,conventionalvolcanicdeformationmonitoringmethods(suchasleveling,GPSetc)areverydifficulttogainvolcanodeformationofalargerregional.UsingthetechnologyofInSARwithitsuniqueadvantagescandirectlyobtainthequantitativedataofvolcanicdeformationinthelargescope,withcontinuouscoverageofthespace.

ThisworkcollectedtwoscencesofENVISATSARdata(200401104,20051015)andfivescenesofJERS-1SARdata(19930615,19940829,19950816,19980707,19980820).TheseSARdataareprocessedusingtwo-passandthree-passdifferentialinterferomertrymode.ButusingtheENVISATSARdatacannotobtainthedeformationresultbecauseofthepoorcoherenceofthedata.IobtainedtheperfectdeformationresultusingthepairJERS-1SARdata(19950816/19980820).Theresultsshowthatduringthethreeyearrom1995to1998,therewere6-12cmLOSdeformationintheareaofMt.JianbaivolcanowhichislocatedinthesoutheastofMt.Changbaivolcano.Althoughthereisnootherinformationcantestthisresult,thefrequentearthquakescandemonstratetheactivityofthisarea.

④ExperimentalresearchofCR-InSARtechnologyintheareaofMt.Changbaivolcano.

AlthoughInSARmakesupforthelackofmanyprevioueasuringmethods(suchasleveling,GPSetc),andcanmonitorlarge-scalesurfacedeformation,hingimmenseadvantages.,itslimitionofapplicationcannotbeneglected,whichresultsinsomeuncertaintiesofresults,suchastemporalunrelated,spatialunrelatedanddelaycausedbyatmosphericeffect.Alltheseinfluentialfactorscanbringsomeerrorstointerferometrydeformationmeasure.TheappearanceofCR-InSAR(CornerReflectorInSAR)andPS-InSAR(PermanentScatteres,InSAR)enhanceseffectivelytemporalcoherenceandspatialcoherenceoftheserepeat-passimageseries,realizingobservationsofalldeformationinvegetativecoverareas.Moreover,accuracyofCR-InSARmonitoringisbetterthanaccuracyofconventionalInSAR.

Aftertheearlierpreparation,includinganalysisofthegeologicalbackground,interpretingremotesensingimages,analysisoftopographyandmorphology,tencornerreflectorswereinstalledaroundtheMt.ChangbaivolcanoinAugust2006,inordertomakeexperimentalresearchintheareaofMt.Changbaivolcano.OnApril13,2007thefirstENVISATSARdataafterinstallingthecornerreflectorsareacquired.BasedontheSARdataanalysissevenfeaturepointswerefoundexceptthethreepointsatthealtitudeabove1600m,thereasonmaybethesnowhasnotmelted.

⑤SimulationcalculationwascarriedoutbymeansofMogipointsourcemodelandOkadatensilepointsourcemodel.

Inordertostudytheactivityofthemagmachamberatdifferentperiods,thisworkusestheJERS-1dataof1995~1998andthedataofGPSandlevelingof2002-2003tosimulatetheparametersofthemagmaattheMt.Changbaivolcano.

Inthisthesis,Itrytousedifferentmodelsanddifferentbinationmodelstosimulatingcalculation,suchasMogisinglepointsource,Mogitwo-pointssource,Okadatriaxialtensilemodel,thebinedmodelofMogitwo-pointssourceandOkadatensilemodel.ThroughparativeanalysisoftheerrorsitioundthattheMogitwo-pointssourcemodelistheoptimumfittingmethods.Apointsourceislocatedat7.9kmbelowoftheMt.ChangbaiTianchivolcano,anotherislocatedat5.5kmbelowoftheMt.Jianbaivolcano.ItioundthattheinversionresultoftheMogidoublepointsourceandtheresultoftheD-InSARareingoodagreement,andtheforwardsimulationresultofthedeformationfieldobtainedbyD-InSARtechnologyisalsosatiactory.TheinversioncalculationresultofOkadatriaxialtensilemodelshowsthatthesourceislocatedatthenorthoftheTianchicraterandthereisanobviouslytensileponentinthedirectionofNNWandNWW.Thisresultaccordswellwiththeresultofdeepgeophysicalprobing.ThetriaxialtensilesourceisconsideredtogivethedetailedparametersofthemagmachamberwhichislocatedbelowinMt.Changbaivolcano.

Fromtheseresultswecaninferthattheremaybeachannelbetweenthetwomagmachambersbecauseofthedirectionofthistwomagmachamberisconsistentwiththestrikeofthehiddenfaultwhichhasseiicactivityinthisarea.Magmaticactivityandmigrationmaybethereasonofactivityoffaultactivityandseiicactivity.ThevolcanicactivityintheareaoftheMt.Changbaihasintermittenceintimeandmigrationinspace.

Theactivityofthevolcanoislikelyinthestagefromaninitialdisturbancesstatetoaroilytstage.Inordertoforecaststheeruptiveriskofthevolcano,themonitoringofearthquakes,deformation,hydration,especiallycontinuoueasurementatfixedstationshouldbeenhanced.

Keywords:D-InSAR,CR-InSAR,Mt.Changbaivolcano,Mogipointsourcemodel,Okadatensilepointsourcemodel,volcanomagmachamberparameter.

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:李红光

论文题目:KH积分方法合成地震图的研究

作者简介:,男,年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获学位.PP,PS,pPP,pPS,pSP,pSSKH积分方法推广到计算近震/远震转换波响应,推导出转换波的KH积分公式,分别计算了水平界面与弯曲界面上的近震/远震转换波响应,通过与反射率法,动力学射线追踪及有限差分方法的对比,表明KH方法能够很好地模拟不规则界面上的近震/远震转换波.

最后我们用KH方法分别计算了含有多层界面介质中的反射波响应和速度梯度变化介质中的回折波响应,与反射率方法结果非常相近.

我们的研究表明,KH积分方法是一种较好地模拟横向非均匀介质的合成地震图方法,其计算精度不亚于其他方法,且计算效率高.

关 键 词:KH积分方法,合成地震图,转换波,反射波

Studyonthe"Kirchhoff-HelmholtzSyntheticSeiograms"

LiHongguang

ABSTRACT

Inthispaper,authorsystematicallyandsuccinctlyintroducedthebasictheoryandthebasisequationsofKirchhoff-Helmholtz(KH)integral,andappliedthemethodtotheseiologicalproblemsofreflectedwe,convertedweandrefractedwe.TheKHintegralisoneoftheboundaryintegralmethods,itisderivedintermsofweequationandtranormsbodyintegraltotheboundaryintegral.Whenputingthereflectedweandtranittedwe,everypointoverthesurfaceoftheboundarycanberegardedasapointsourcewhichcontributestothereflectedweortranittedweandtheweresponsesarethesummationofthecontributionofeverypointovertheboundary.

First,weputedtheresponseofreflectedweonasinglehorizontalinterfaceusingthemethodofKHintegral.Thenumbericalresultsaregoodagreementwiththoseofreflectivitymethodandfinite-differencemethod.Furthermore,theresponseofreflectedweonacurvedinterfacearecalculated,parisonwiththeresultromthefinite-differencemethodshowsthatKHmethodcanworkquicklyoncurvedorirregularinterface,itsputingspeedsissuperiortofinite-differencemethod.Inaddition,thereflectedweromthefreesurfaceareobtainedbythemethodofKHintegral.Fromputingthesixkindsofphases:PP,PS,pPP,pPS,pSP,pSS,myresultindicatesthatbothoftheamplitudeandtheweformforthemodeloflayeredmediumarebasicallysimilartothereflectivitymethod.

Fromabovebasis,theKHintegraltheoryisalsoappliedtoputetheconversionweresponses.WiththederivationoftheconversionweofKHintegralequation,wesimulattedthenearseiconversionweresponseandtheteleseiicconversionweresponserespectively.Theresultsparedwiththatofthereflectivitymethodandthedynamicraytracinggivessatiactoryresult.

Finally,wetrytocalculatethetheoreticalseiograminthemulti-layeredmediumandthesituationthatthematerialparametersarelinearbelowthesurface.Theresultisconsistentwiththatfromthereflectivitymethod.

OuranalysisindicatesthatKHintegralmethodisapreferablesyntheticseiogrammethodinalaterallyinhomogeneouselasticmedium.Theaccuracyofthisapproximationisexcelledothermethodsandithasthehighputingefficiencyalso.

KeyWords:KHintegralmethod,syntheticseiogram,conversionphase,reflectionphase

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:杜海林

论文题目:2004年苏门答腊-安达曼大地震能量辐射源的时间域台阵技术分析

作者简介:,男,年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获士学位.

heEnergyRadiationsourcesofthe2004Sumatra-AndamanEarthquakeUsingTime-DomainArrayTechniques

DuHai-lin

ABSTRACT

Firstly,theoreticalbackgroundoftwoseiicarraytechniquesonabasisoftheraytheory,theBeamPowerAnalysisandtheMigrationStacking,areintroduced.Theformerissuitableforplanewes,andthelaterissuitableforbothplanewesandsphericalwes.

TwoarraysareformedwithstationsoftheCapitalRegionDigitalSeiographNetwork(CRDSN)ofBeijingforthisstudy.Oneisequippedwithshort-periodseiometers,andanotherisequippedwithbroad-bandseiometers.Differentarrayhasdifferentarraytranerfunction(ATF),anddifferentarrayhasdifferentarraygain.TheATFandarraygainsoftheabovetwoarraysarediscussed.Alsotheskillsofsettingparametersindeterminationoftheapparentslownessvectoraresimplyillustrated.

ThesoftwareiadeusingMatlabputerlanguageasatoolofprocessingarraydataintimedomainfordeterminationoftheradiationsourcesoflargeearthquakesbasedontheprinciplepresentedinthepreviouschapter,soabriefintroductionofthemainfunctionsandstructuresofthesoftwareiade.Thereliabilityofthesoftwareistestedaswellastheeffectsofthegeometryofarraysonthelocatingresultsbymeansofsomenumericaltests.

The2004Sumatra-Andamanhugeearthquakewaollowedbyanumberofmoderate-magnitudeaftershocks.Itallowsustocorrecttheradiationsourcesofthemain-shockusingtheaftershocks'locationsunderconditionofassumingthelocationsoftheseaftershockspublishedbyNEICwerecorrect.Itisdiscussedthathowthelocationsoftheradiationsourcesofthemain-shockarecorrectedandtwoapproachesofcorrectinglocations,namedInterpolationCorrectionandFittingCorrection,respectively,areproposedfordifferentsituations.

Finally,thetwotechniquesareappliedtotheshort-periodrecordingsandbroadbandrecordingsofCRDSNgeneratedbythe2004Sumatra-Andamanhugeearthquakeforthelocationsoftheenergyradiationsources,andthesourceinformationregardingofruptureduration,tempo-spatialprocess,faultgeometry,eragerupturevelocityandothersisobtained.Keywords:thearraytechniques,the2004Sumatra-Andamanearthquake,theenergyradiationsources

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:

论文题目:基于可靠性理论的砂土液化判别方法研究

作者简介:1982年3月出生,2004年9月师从于中国地震局工程力学研究所袁晓铭教授,2007年6月获硕中文摘 要

都有破坏随着工程建设,对液化判别的要求也不断提高,要求给出液化判别的可靠性分析结果.对国内外典型的确定性液化判别方法进行了总结,并对人工智能和专家系统在液化判别中应用进行了归纳,阐述了可靠性分析的一般性理论,对应用于砂土液化判别时遇到的关键问题进行了提炼液化现场调查液化发生概率回判成功率规范判别式,概率分析关 键 词:StudyonReliability-BasedProcedureforEvaluatingLiquefactionPotential

CaoZhenzhong

ABSTRACT

Liquefaction-induceddamagephenomenaoccurredduringmanyearthquakeslastcentury,suchasNiigata,Xingtai,Haicheng,Tangshan,Alaska,Kobe,Chi-Chiearthquakeetc.Aseriesissuesinducedbyliquefactionwerepaidmoreandmoreattentionto,thefirstissueshouldbesolvedisthatsandliquefiesornotafterexperiencingthegivenearthquake.Sothepredictionofsandliquefactionhasbeenaglobalimportantstudysubjectinengineeringseiology.

Afterfieldandlaboratoryteststudiedformorethanfourdecades,assesentliquefactionhasbeenmadegreatprogress,andmanydifferentparameter-baseddeterministicmethodswereproposedinChinaandabroad.However,manyproceduresusedinengineeringweredevelopedfromempiricalorheuristicmethodbecauseofinpleteunderstandingofthesandliquefactionmechani,andcouldonlyprovidetheassessingresultof'yes'or'no'.

Astherapiddevelopmentofengineeringconstruction,thedemandsofevaluatingliquefactionincreasegradually,whichshouldnotonlyprovidetheassessingresultof"yes"or"no",butalsogivethereliabilityanalysisresult.Adoptingreliabilitytheoryforevaluatingliquefactionisjustatthebeginningbynow,therearestillmanykeyissuesshouldbesolved.

Themaincontentsandachievementsofthispaperinclude:

1.Thepaperhasdiscussedtheliquefactionmechaniandeffectfactors,summarizedthenewachievementsofrecentresearch,analyzedtheexistentissues,andgotsomenewrealizations.

2.Thepaperhassummarizedsomedomesticandabroadtypicaldeterministicmethodsofpredictingliquefaction,andintroducedtheartificialintelligenceandspecialistsystemadoptedinevaluatingliquefaction,pointedouttheexistentissuesandsomeaspectsneedtobeimproved,andgotsomenewrealizations.

3.Thepaperhasintroducedthegeneraltheoryofreliabilityanalysis,concentratedthekeyissuesduringusinginassessingliquefaction.

4.Thepaperhasstudiedthenewmethodofgettingtheprobabilityofliquefactionbasedonthefieldinvestigateddata,analyzedtheproposedformula'sdiscreteextent,succeedratioofjudgingandpredicting,andparedtheproposedformulawiththeseiiccodeprocedure.

5.Thepaperhasthoroughstudiedthereliabilityissueoftheseiiccodeprocedure,andgivenitsprobabilityresults.Thesucceedratioofjudging,thediscreteextentofcorrelationbetweentheratioofSPT-Nvalueandtheprobabilityofliquefaction,theconservativeextentofthecodeprocedure,werecheckedbyusingthedomesticdata,andalsothesucceedratioofpredictingwascheckedbyusingChi-Chiearthquakedataduringthereliabilityanalyzing.Keywords:liquefaction,groundmotion,acceleration,displacement,modelofwaterpressure,modifiedresponsespectrum,incrementalresponsespectrum

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:荣棉水

论文题目:粘弹性场地地形对地震动谱特性的影响分析

作者简介::,男,年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获士学位.

大量的震害表明,地表地形对地面运动有很强的放大和缩小作用,因而直接

影响到震害的分布.对地形条件进行研究的目的有两个,一是解释地震时地面运动的放大作用和空间变化,再就是预测在将来受地震时地面运动的特性.因此地形对地面运动的影响分析是地震工程学中非常重要且具吸引力的领域.通过大量研究,局部不规则地形对地震动峰值加速度的影响我们已有相当的了解,但是地形对地震动谱特性影响的研究相对较少.本文就以探讨地形对地震动谱特性的影响规律为研究目标,通过数值计算结果分析,着重开展了以下几个方面的研究工作,并初步得到了一些有意义的结果.

1.数值计算方法的选择与分析

本文选择的数值计算方法为李小军等提出的粘弹性场地地震反应分析的一种时域高精度显式有限元-有限差分方法.第二章系统回顾了显式有限元有限差分方法的理论框架.另外,这种时域高精度的显式有限元有限差分方法的优点在于采用了李小军等的显式逐步积分方法,而逐步积分方法的基本特性除了计算格式的收敛性,稳定性,精度以外还必须考虑数值计算的高频能耗特性(dissipation)和计算起步的幅值超越性(overshoot),因此,作为前人工作的补充,本文还在第二章中分析了中心差分格式,中心差分结合单边差分的格式以及李小军等的积分格式这三种不同显式格式的能耗特性(对高频成分的抑制和消除作用)与幅值超越性(初始计算数据的放大特性),并对三种显式格式显示出来的这两种特性做一综合评判.研究结果表明:李小军等的显式差分格式在物理阻尼比为0到1的范围内均具有较强的能耗特性,这种特性优于另外两种显式积分格式,能有效地克服透射边界的高频失稳,另外,这种格式也具有较小的速度幅值超越性,因此,在处理复杂场地地震反应方面是一种比较理想的显式积分格式.

2.地形对地震动谱特性的影响分析

由于实际工程遇到的场地地形条件是复杂多变的,地形对输入地震波的谱

特性的影响也与很多因素有关,这些因素大体上包括场地特性和输入地震波特性两个部分.场地特性包括地形的特征尺寸如坡度和高度,介质的性质等,输入地震动特性包括输入地震波的频谱特性,入射角度等.为了便于总结规律,本文控制了若干影响因素以简化问题的分析.首先研究了坡地地形在高宽比不同,体波入射角度不同时出平面运动谱特性的差异,接着进一步研究了简单平台地形及凹陷地形对入射体波谱特性的影响,给出了若干定性及定量的结果.这些研究结果表明:地形的特征尺寸和入射角度不仅对地震动的峰值有影响,而且对地震动的谱特性有较大的影响,其中入射角度的影响尤为显着.另外,研究还表明基于脉冲输入研究粘弹性地形谱特性的影响仍不失为一种有效的方法.

3.地形对输入地震动反应谱加速度峰值及特征周期影响规律的分析

若干震害调查结果表明地形影响地震动的峰值及频谱特性,即影响反应谱的形状.现有的场地反应谱对地形的考虑是以地震力的形式给出的,实际工程中碰到局部不规则地形的问题时,工程师们无法从反应谱中直接获得特征周期或峰值加速度的调整方案,本文以一个具体的平台地形为算例,通过拟合的人造地震动输入,计算获得有地形影响的场地观测点的加速度时程,再利用美国抗震设计样本规范ATC3-06建议的方法以及双参数标定反应谱的方法确定观测点加速度时程所对应的场地反应谱特征周期值,进而简要分析了地形对输入地震动反应谱峰值加速度及特征周期的影响规律,并尝试着给出了特定条件下地形对观测点反应谱的调整方案.

关 键 词:地表地形,地震动谱特性,显式有限元有限差分方法

Theeffectanalysisoftopographyonthespectrumpropertiesofviscoelasticground

RongMianshui

ABSTRACT

Manyinvestigationsofearthquakedamageanifestthatsurfacetopographyhas

significantamplificationorreductioneffectsongroundmotion,and,therefore,itcaninfluencethedistributionofearthquakedamagesdirectly.Thepurposeofstudyingontheinfluenceofsurfacetopographyistoexplainthereasonorthelargeamplificationsandspatialvariationsofthegroundmotionandtopredictsomeofthefeaturesofthegroundmotionduringfutureearthquakes.Soanalysisoftheeffectoftopographyisoneofthemostimportantandattractivefieldinearthquakeengineering.Afteralotofinvestigation,weheknowquiteafewabouttheeffectofsurfacetopographyonpeakgroundacceleration,butparatively,theeffectofsurfacetopographyonspectrumpropertyofearthquakeisstillobscureforus.Theobjectiveofthisthesisistodiscusseffectsoftopographyonspectrumpropertyofearthquakes,throughnumericalexperimentsandresultanalysis,thefollowingproblemsareanalyzed,andsomeapplicableresultsareobtained.

1.thechoiceandanalysisofnumericalintegrationmethods

AnumericalintegrationmethodexecutedinthisthesisistheexplicitfinitedifferencemethodsuggestedbyLiXiaojunetal.foranalyzingtheearthquakeresponseoftwo-dimensionalvisco-elasticsite.Thesystematicreviewofthiethodiadeinthesecondchapter.Besides,thevirtueofthiethodisusingtheexplicitintegrationformulaalsosuggestedbyLiXiaojun.Weknowforaexplicitintegrationformula,basiccharacteristicsincludingastringency,stability,precision,dissipationandovershootcharacteristic.So,asplementarityofformerpeople'swork,dissipationandovershootcharacteristicsofthreedifferentintegrationformulasarediscussedindetail.TheconclusionsshowthattheexplicitintegrationformulasuggestedbyLiXiaojunandothershasstrongernumericaldissipationcharacteristicthantheother2formulaswhiletherealdampinarierom0to1,andthelargertherealdampingis,thephenomenonioreobvious,thiskindofformulacandepressoreliminatethehigh-frequencyinstabilityinducedbyLocalTranittingBoundary,and,undertheconditionofthesameprecision,thiskindofformulahaslesservelocityovershootcharacteristic,soitisanidealintegrationformulaforsolvingtheearthquakeresponseofplexsite.

2.effectanalysisoftopographyonspectrumpropertyofearthquake

Surfacetopographyisplexandvarious,actually,effectoftopographyonspectrumpropertyreferstomanyfactors,suchascharacteristicdimensionsoftopography(includingheightandslopeangleetal.),charactersofsoilorrock,spectrumpropertiesofinputwelets,angleofincidenceetal.Thesefactorscanbeclassifiedintotwosorts,charactersofsiteandcharactersofearthquake.Inordertosummarizeconveniently,firstly,wediscussedthedifferenceofspectrumpropertyofanti-planemovementundertheconditionsofdifferenttopographicfactorsanddirectionoftheincidentwes,thenresearchexpandstomesaandvalley.Theconclusionsshowthatthepresenceoftopographicfactorsandthedirectionoftheincidentwesnotonlysignificantlyaffectthepeakgroundaccelerationofsite,butalsoaffectthespectrumpropertyoftheiningwes,andtheeffectofdirectionoftheincidentwesisespeciallyremarkable.Thestudyalsofindthatitisreasonabletoanalysespectrumpropertieswiththeinputofimpulseweletsinthefiniteelementsimulationofwemotion.

3.theeffectsanalysisoftopographyonpeak-accelerationandcharacteristicperiods

Investigationsafterearthquakesshowthatsurfacetopographyaffectsthepeak-acclerationandspectrumpropertyofearthquake,so,itaffectstheshapeofdesignspectra.Considerationsoftopographiceffectsintheseiicdesigncodeforbuildingsaresuggestedinformofearthquakeforce,whileitishardforengineerstogetadjustingprojectthroughseiicdesigncodeiftheyhetofacetopographicproblems.Inthisthesis,amodelofmesaisestablished,alotofartificialgroundmotionsaregeneratedandhebeenusedasinputmovements,timehistoriesofobservationpointsaregained,finally,twomethods(oneissuggestedbyACT3-06andanotherissuggestedbyLiaoZhenpengandLiDahua)areusedtogetthecharacteristicperiodsofsites.Withtheseresults,theeffectsanalysisoftopographyonpeak-accelerationandcharacteristicperiodsisexecutedandcorrespondingadjustingprojectfordesignspectraissuggested.

Keywords:Surfacetopography,Spectrumpropertyofearthquake,Explicitfinite--differencemethod

作者简介:,男,年月出生,年月师从于教授,于年月获学位.

PermanentScattererInSAR)技术即永久散射体干涉合成孔径雷达技术,它是基于传统InSAR技术,对在时间序列上表现出稳定后向散射强度或相位特征的目标点进行识别,进行差分计算,以研究较长时间序列上目标点位移规律的一门技术.相比传统InSAR技术,PS技术受空间及时间失相关因素的影响极为有限,并且可以较好地消除大气影响,从而提高数据的使用效率,达到对较长时间运动事件检测的效果.然而,PS技术在理论及应用方面还存在许多问题,如PS点的有效识别,PS点三维相位分析等.受可识别天然PS点分布密度的影响,PS成功应用实例也多局限于城市,矿山地面沉降检测.本文就PS技术应用中的关键问题进行了研究,并进一步将该技术应用于无人区活动断裂带,对地震间歇期间活动断层运动引起的地壳形变进行检测研究.

对传统InSAR技术中所存在的问题进行了分析,主要包括时间去相干,空间去相干以及大气效应对InSAR技术的影响,继而对PSInSAR技术原理,优势及其发展现状作了介绍.

可靠的PS候选点是进行PS干涉处理的关键前提,本文重点对PS候选点识别方法进行研究,对已有的相干性,相位分析法,波谱差异法进行对比总结,对后向散射强度法判别条件进行发展补充,基于PS点提取方法对人工角反射器识别作了研究,并对公共主图像选取标准进行了研究.

分析了传统InSAR相位的组分结构,对各组分的时空行为进行了研究,进一步分析了PS点相位与时间及空间二维向量的关系,研究表明PS点差分干涉相位与干涉像对的时间基线,空间垂直基线(相对于公共主图像)呈线性关系,与时间的比例斜率为PS点相对线性形变速率的常数倍,与空间垂直基线的比例斜率为各PS点对应的高程修正值,在此分析基础上建立了PS点干涉相位二维线性回归分析模型,与此同时对残余相位进行了分析.

在PS候选点提取方面,不再基于单一的统计分析方法,将波谱差异法与强度稳定性法相结合,在对试验区构造环境及影响因素进行分析的基础上,对PS候选点提取中关键参数进行最优选择,利用二维线性回归分析模型对PS干涉相位进行分析,通过两次回归分析逐步计算出PS点高程修正值及相对线性形变速率,对差分干涉图进行修正,最终得到试验区时间序列形变图.基于试验区形变图像对PS点位移特性进行分析,对区域形变特征及形变规律进行讨论,对PSInSAR技术理论及应用再次进行总结.

研究表明盆地西北部念青唐古拉山处于上升阶段,沿卫星视线方向相对位移速率约3mm/a,盆地内部处于沉降阶段,由北向南运动幅度具有一定差异,靠近盆地南部山前地带沉降速率比较大,沿卫星视线方向相对位移速率约3～4mm/a.随着PS点在盆地内部分布向西北推移,其位移形式逐渐复杂,受青藏高原特有季节性冻融因素影响,许多PS点位移随季节表现出一定的往复式位移方式,但总体位移趋势沿卫星方向呈负向运动.

关 键 词:PSInSAR波谱差异后向散射强度二维线性回归分析时间序列形变图

ResearchonApplicationofPSInSARTechnology

onMovementMonitoringofActiveFault

JiangWenliang

ABSTRACT

Thepermanentscatterersapproach(PSInSAR),whichisbasedonconventionalInSARtechnique,putemphasisonprocessingtimeseriesofSARinterferogramsbyrecognizingandanalyzingsinglescattererswithastablebackscatterintensityorreliablephasebehiorintime,tostudythedeformationhistoriesoftheearth'ssurfaceinalongtimeseries.ComparedwiththeconventionalInSARtechnology,thePSapproachcanbetterconquerproblemsoftemporalandspatialdecorrelation,alsotheatmosphericdelayeffect,whichwillimprovetheefficiencyofdatumutilization,tomeasurelargetimescaledeformationaffair.However,therearestillsomeproblemshamperthesuccesulapplicationofPSapproach,whichareidentificationofreliablepointtargets,three-dimensionalanalysisofPSinterferometricphase.Atpresent,thesuccesulapplicationofPSapproachiainlylimitedtogroundsurfacesedimentationofurbanareaordiggings,whereabundanceofnaturalpermanentscattererscanbeidentified.Bycontrary,fewernaturalpointtargetswillberecognizedinDamxiongarea,whichisselectedasthetestareaofthepaper,forlackofhumanbuildingandstructure,onlynakedrocksareidentifiedaspermanentscatterercandidate.ThepaperwillputemphasisonthestudyofsomekeyaspectsofPStechnology,applyingthePSapproachonactivefault,todetectthemicro-movementofearthsurfaceamongseiicdiapausesinducedbyactivefault.

ThelimitedfactorsofconventionalInSARareanalyzedinpaper,whicharetemporaldecorretaion,spatialdecorrelationandatmosphericdelay.Thebasicprinciple,advantageandstatusareintroduced.

Methodsofpointtargets'identificationareinvestigated,includingcoherence,spectraldiversity,phaseandbackscatterintensity.Moreover,newcriterionsarepensatoryformethodofbackscatterintensity.Identificationofmanualcornerreflectorisresearchedbasedonthesemethods.Selectionofmonmasterimageisstudiessubsequently.

ThephasemodelofconventionInSARareputedandanalyzed,especiallythetemporalandspatialbehiorofit.Furthermore,relationsofunwrappedinterferometricphasewithtwodimensionswhichcorrespondingtotheperpendicularbaselineandtimedifferenceareanalyzed,whichindicatesalineardependenceofphaseonthetwoterms.Therelatedslopesofthemcorrespondtorelativeterrainheightcorrectionandrelativelineardeformationrates.Onbaseofthistheory,amodeloftwo-dimensionallinearregressionanalysisisestablishedforPSinterferometricphase.Residualphasesarestudiesatlast,whichisposedofnon-lineardeformationphase,atmosphericdelayphaseandphasenoise.

Methodsofspectraldiversityandstableintensityarebinedtoidentifypointtargetscandidate.Thisisquitedifferentformformerstudies,forwhichsinglemethodisusedonly.Afteranalysisofgeologicalstructureandinfluencingtermsoftestarea,theoptimalparametersareselectedandbinedforPSCselection.InterferometricphaseofPSCareanalyzedusingtwo-dimensionallinearregressionanalysiodel.Mapsofdeformationhistoriesareobtainedafterdifferentialprocessing.Characteristicsoftypicalpointtargetsareanalyzed,includingdeformationhistories,influencingterms.Characteristicsanddisciplinesoftestareadeformationarediscussed.KeypointsofPSInSARtechniquearesummarizedagain.

Researchindicates,NyainqêntanglhaRangeinnorthwestofDamxiongbasinraiseatarelativerateof3mm/aalongthelineofsightofsatellite,atthesametime,theDamxiongbasindescendsinacertaindegree,butthedescendingratesisafewdifferentfromthesouthtothenorth.Insoutheastofbasin,thepermanentscatterersdescendatarelativerateofabout3-4mm/aalongthelineofsightofsatellite.Affectedbytermoffrozenearth,thedisplacementofpermanentscatterersinthenorthofDamxiongbasinarenotobvious,butbeheadescendenttrendasawhole.

Keywords:PSInSAR,Spectraldiversity,Backscatterintensity,Two-dimensionallinearregressionanalysis,Damxiongbasin,Deformationoftimeseries.

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:张彬

论文题目:近年来几次强震在中国南北地震带动态应力触发问题研究

作者简介::张,男,年月出生,年月师从于教授,于年月获士学位.8.0地震对甘肃景泰5.8地震和缅甸6.5地震的触发作用,2003年中,俄,蒙交界7.9地震对甘肃民乐-山丹6.1地震和岷县5.2地震的触发作用以及2004年苏门答腊8.7地震对云南双柏5.1地震和思茅5.1地震的触发作用.结果表明,这几次强震在被触发地震上产生的动态应力峰值都超过地震触发阈值.第二,被触发地区小震突然增强.我们利用小地震频度变化探讨了1990年以来部分地震在南北地震带上的触发作用,并以2001年昆仑山口西8.1地震对四川,甘肃等地地震活动的触发作用为例进行了分析.总的看来,南北地震带易于被触发地震活动,但是不同地区的地震对南北地震带的触发作用不同,这可能与地质构造有关系.

地震动态应力研究之所以复杂,因为它还受到很多因素影响:主震参数和被触发地区构造,同时还有时间延迟问题.在计算主震在被触发点的应力张量时,主震的参数影响非常大.改变断层三要素(走向,倾角,滑动角),破裂时间以及破裂时的上升时间对最终计算的动态应力大小和变化趋势都有很大影响,改变主震地震矩和发震断层的大小只是影响了计算结果的大小,其趋势没有改变.大部分主震参数的变化都会影响到最后的计算结果,所以在计算地震产生的动态应力变化时,应该获得更准确的主震参数.构造区对地震动态触发影响也非常大,研究结果表明,大部分被触发的地震活动发生在地热或火山区及扩张性块体上,同时也在挤压性块体上发生动态触发的少量证据.动态应力对走滑和正断层地震触发更明显.强震面波到达后被触发地区不久可能触发当地地震活动,但是还是很多被触发的地震具有时间延迟,延迟时间从几天到几个星期不等.

总之,我通过硕士论文研究,改进了动态应力触发计算方法和程序,计算了南北地震带几次被触发地震的动态库仑应力变化,同时深入探讨了主震参数,触发地区构造特征对地震动态应力触发的影响,还初步研究了地震动态触发时间延迟问题,在研究过程中也发现了一些值得今后进一步研究的问题.

关 键 词:地震应力触发,库仑摩尔圆,构造块体,触发机理

ResearchonDynamicStressTriggeringatChineseNorth-SouthSeiicBeltinRecentYears

ZhangBin

ABSTRACT

Seiicstresstriggeringpointstotheinfluenceinducedbyoneearthquaketothenearbyandremoteseiicactivity,includingstaticstresstriggeringanddynamicstresstriggering.Scientistshestudiedstaticstresstriggeringforalongtimeandhegotlotsofachievement.Ontheotherhand,researchingondynamicstresstriggeringwasscarce.ThetimeweindeedresearchedonseiicdynamicstresstriggeringwasaftertheLandersearthquakeof1992,USA.Asdynamicstresstriggeringhassuperiorityinexplainingremotetriggering,soitisdevelopedrapidlyinrecentyears.ChinalocatesbetweenthePacificOceanseiiczoneandtheAsia-Europeseiiczone,soChinesemainlandanditsperipheryhaorestrongshocks.AlthoughChineseseiologistsstudyseiicdynamicstresstriggeringlater,itisnecessarytostudyseiicdynamicstresstriggeringinChina.InordertoexploreChineseseiicdynamicstresstriggering,wetakeChineseNorth-Southseiicbeltasanexampleinthisarticle.

First,wesummarizedthedevelopmentofseiicdynamicstresstriggeringathomeandabroadsystematically,includingtheexistedevidenceofdynamicstresstriggering,currentsituation,triggeringmechaniandsoon.FromLandersearthquakein1992,seiologistsbegantoseekevidenceofdynamictriggeringonaglobalscale.Themainexistentevidenceatpresentincludes:seektriggeredearthquakeswarmandsingleearthquakeinseiicfrequencymap,findnewtriggeredearthquakebydigitalfilter,co-seichangeandstresssteprecordedbystraininstrument.Thetriggeringmechaniincludescoulombfailuremodel,rate-statemodelandporepressureexpansionetc.ThereasonswhythestudyondynamicstressaresolessinChinamainlymayberelyontheplexityoftheputation.AfterSumatra8.7magnitudeearthquakein2004,someseiologistsstarttostudydynamicstresstriggeringinChina.

Themainmethodsofputingdynamicarereflectivitymethodandthediscretewenumberdepositionmethod.Itinvolveslotsofmathematicunctions,includingBesselfunction,Greenfunction,ReflectivityfunctionandBouchonslopefunctionetc.Thephysicalprocessrelatedisalsoplicated:breaktimescattering,Greenfunctionconvolutionanddifferentinfrequencyareaetc.Accordingtosomepredecessors'formulae,wededucedseiicdynamicstresscalculatingformulaandrewrittedpartFORTRANprocedurethatCottonprovided.Inordertocalculatecoulombstressontriggeredfault,weconnectedFORTRANprocedurewithMATLAB.Atthesametime,werealizedtheMATLABprocedurevisualizationinterfaceforcalculatinganddrawing.ThecalculationofSeiicdynamicstressprisedtwosteps:first,calculatesixponentofstresswithFROTRANprocedure,second,calculatedynamicstressontriggeredfaultanditscurve.

Withthementionedmethodandprocedureofcalculatingseiicdynamicstressabove,weresearchedthetriggeredsituationbysomestrongearthquakesinChinesemainland.AstheNorth-SouthseiicbeltisarepresentativeoneinChinesemainland,sowetakeitastheresearchingzone,andstudymainlyfromtwoaspects.First,calculatestresstensorandcoulombstressintriggeredarea,including8.0earthquakeof2000inSumatratriggered5.8earthquakeofJingtaiinGansuand6.5earthquakeofBurma,7.9earthquakeof2003inborderofChina,RussiaandMongoliatriggered6.1earthquakeofMinle-Shandanand5.2earthquakeofMinxianinGansu,8.7earthquakeof2004inSumatratriggered5.1earthquakeofShuangbaiand5.1earthquakeofSimaoinYunnan.Theresultsshowthatthedynamicstresspeakvalueontriggeredfaultproducedbytheseveralstrongshocksallexceedstotriggeringthresholdvalue.Second,theallearthquakeswerestrengthenedabruptlyintriggeredarea.WediscussedthetriggeringeffectontheNorth-Southseiicbeltbyusingthechangeofsomeearthquakerequencysince1990.Atthesametime,wetakewestKunlunmountainspass8.1earthquakeasanexampletoanalysetriggeringeffectinSichuanandGansuprovinces.Allinall,theearthquakeactivityistriggeredeasilyintheNorth-Southseiicbelt,buttheearthquakesindifferentareahedifferenttriggeringeffectintheNorth-Southseiicbelt,itisinfluencedgeologicstructure.

Theresearchonseiicdynamicstressisthereforeplicated,becauseitisaffectedbysomanyfactors:themainearthquakeparametersandstructureintriggeredarea,therestillhethetimedelayproblematthesametime.Themainearthquakeparametershebigeffectwhenwecalculatestresstensorinthetriggeredpoint.Changefaultthreekeyelements(rake,dipangleandslideangle),breakingtimeandrisingtimehegreateffectonthefinalresultandtrendofthedynamicstress.Thechangeofthemainseiicmomentandthesizeoftheseiicfaultonlyaffectcalculatedresult,butwhosetrenddoesnotchange.Thechangeofmostmainearthquakes'parameterscanaffectthefinalresult,sowemustgetmuchmoreaccurateparameterswhencalculatingthedynamicstresschangingproducedbyearthquakes.Besides,tectonicsettingalsohasgreateffectontheearthquakedynamictriggering.Studyingindicatesthatmosttriggeredearthquakeshappenedingeothermalorvolcanicareaandextensionblocks.Wealsofindalittleoftriggeredearthquakesinnobbingblocks.Strike-silpandnormalfaultearthquakesaremoreeasilytriggerreddynamicstress.Seiicactivitywillbetriggerednotlongbeforestrongshockssurfacewearrivedtriggeredarea,butlotsoftriggeredearthquakeshetimedelay,thetimemaychangefromseveraldaystoseveralweeks.

Inshort,inmythesis,Iheimprovedthecalculatingmethodandprocedureofdynamicstress,calculateddynamiccoulombstresschange,whichtriggeredbysomeearthquakesintheNorth-Southseiicbelt.Atthesametime,westudiedeffectofearthquakedynamicstresstriggeringinducedbymainearthquakes'parametersandtectoniccharacteristicoftriggeredarea,andalso,wediscussedtheproblemofdynamictriggeringtimedelay.Atlast,wefoundseveralproblemsthatareworthtostudyinfuture.

Keywords:Seiicstresstriggering,CoulombMohr'circle,tectonicblocks,triggeringmechanics

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:廉超

论文题目:地震定位新方法研究

作者简介:,,年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获士学位.

地震定位是地震研究中最经典,最基本的问题之一.随着计算方法计算机技术的发展,,多学科的相互交流与渗透球面交切法近震远震只要知道三个以上的到时差或能根据震相求出震中距,就能够快速定出震中位置,台网布局,震源深度,发震时刻对定位结果影响.

穷举定位法利用已发生的历史地震资料定位新发生的地震.与其它定位方法相比,台网布局和地壳结构不均匀性对其定位结果的影响比较小.且将新定位的地震输入数据库,增加历史地震的资料,对未来的地震定位的准确度也将不断提高.TheResearchofNewEarthquakeLocationMethod

LianChao

ABSTRACT

TheEarthquakeLocationisoneofthemostclassicandbasicproblemsintheSeiologicresearch.Asthedevelopmentofmathematicmethodandcalculatortechnique,EarthquakeLocationresearchgetsbigdeveloping.Thereareappearinarioussuperiormethodsusingtolocateearthquake,suchasadouble-differenceearthquakelocationalgorithm.Inaddition,bymunicatingandpermeatingofmanycourses,itappearstogatherkindsofvariousadvantageofcalculationmethodinthewholeprehensiveEarthquakeLocationmethod.

ThispaperputforwardtothreenewEarthquakeLocationmethods.Itiormingaprehensiveearthquakelocationmethodbybinethemwithexhaustionearthquakelocationmethod.

Themethodofsphericalsurfaceshearingsuitableforthelocationofnearandfarearthquakewasproposed.Theshearingcalculationcanbedonedirectlyonthespherewiththemethod,theepicentercanberapidlylocatedwithonlyS-Parrivaltimedifferencesof3stationsatleast.Thestationdistribution,focaldepthandorigintimeaffectontheepicenterlocationless.

Theearthquakelocationcalculationcanbedonedirectlyinsphericalsurfacebyuseofthearrivaltimedifferenceofinitialmovementtoobtainthedifferenceofdistancebythemethodofsphericalsurfacetrack.Theepicentercanbelocatedrapidlysolongasthearrivaltimesofinitialmovementofmorethan4stationsareknown.Thesquaresumofdoubledifference(thedifferencebetweenthearrivaltimedifferenceofinitialmovementwebyobservedandthetreltimedifferenceofinitialmovementbycalculated)ofeachstationisselectedastheobjectivefunctionwiththemethodofsphericalsurfacetrack,sotheorigintimedoesn'taffecttheepicenterlocation.

Themethodofexhaustionrepeated-earthquakeslocationusingknownearthquakestolocatedthenewearthquakewhichhappenedsoon.Comparingwiththeothers,stationdistributionandtheheterogeneityofcrustalstructureaffectontheepicenterlocationless.Asthenewearthquakewhichislocatedaccuratelybeimportedintoearthquakedatabase,locatingprecisionofthemethodwouldincreasecontinually.

Synthesizingtheadvantagesofthreenewlocationmethods,itcouldreducetheinfluencepositionstheaccuracyfactortogotolowestbyusingdifferentmethodaccountingdifferentcircumstance.Soitcanobtainthesuperiorlocatingresult.Inconsiderofrequestabouthigherlocatingaccuracy,itcoulduseexhaustionearthquakelocationmethodtodotheearthquakerelocation.

Keywords:earthquakelocation,themethodofsphericalsurfaceshearing,methodofsphericalsurfacetrack,themethodofexhaustionrepeated-earthquakeslocation,exhaustionearthquakelocationmethod

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:王涛

论文题目:钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构弹塑性地震反应分析

作者简介:王涛,男,1978年9月出生,2004年9月

师从于中国地震局工程力学研究所孙景江研究员,于

2007年7月获硕士学位.

中文摘 要

我国现行建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)要求对于一些高层复杂结构应进行罕遇地震下的弹塑性变形验算,但是对于目前复杂高层及超高层建筑,如何进行罕遇地震下的弹塑性变形验算以实现"大震不倒"的设防目标仍是未解决的问题.

钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构是高层建筑的主要结构形式之一.数值模拟技术是研究建筑结构地震反应的重要手段,然而目前国内外可以进行钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构弹塑性动力反应分析的计算软件并不多,而且其中绝大部分结构模型属于二维或拟三维分析模型,而对于大多数框架-剪力墙结构来说,很难将其简化为平面结构,所以建立三维空间模型来进行三维空间弹塑性地震反应分析是解决问题的根本.

在对框架-剪力墙结构进行弹塑性地震反应分析时,采用适当的剪力墙分析模型,建立合理的滞回模型是非常关键的.由于剪力墙的滞变性态复杂,工作机理及延性性能方面的研究也远没有柱和梁研究得深入和成熟,目前还没有提出一个比较完善的数学模型,而且传统的剪力墙宏观单元模型(如DRAIN-2D和IDARC-2D中所采用的各种模型)难以用到三维分析之中,微观模型同样也是应用困难.目前较有希望解决结构三维弹塑性分析的单元模型就是纤维模型以及类似的多弹簧模型.纤维模型可以考虑变动轴力和双向弯曲之间的耦合作用,能够表达压弯杆件在多轴荷载作用下的力学特性,但是它们在对框架-剪力墙结构进行弹塑性地震反应分析时,采用适当的剪力墙分析模型,建立合理的滞回模型是非常关键的.由于剪力墙的滞变性态复杂,工作机理及延性性能方面的研究也远没有柱和梁研究得深入和成熟,目前还没有提出一个比较完善的数学模型,而且传统的剪力墙宏观单元模型(如DRAIN-2D和IDARC-2D中所采用的各种模型)难以用到三维分析之中,微观模型同样也是应用困难.目前较有希望解决结构三维弹塑性分析的单元模型就是纤维模型以及类似的多弹簧模型.纤维模型可以考虑变动轴力和双向弯曲之间的耦合作用,能够表达压弯杆件在多轴荷载作用下的力学特性,但是它们的模拟性能到底如何,与传统模型相比有何差别,是否可以应用实际结构分析,本文就上述问题进行了研究.

本文采用纤维模型(CANNY99)和传统单元模型(IDARC-2D4.0),分别对九层1:6钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构振动台试验模型和美日联合七层足尺框架-剪力墙结构伪动力试验模型的纵向结构进行地震反应分析,并在结构顶层位移,加速度,基底剪力及各层的最大层间位移角等多个方面与试验结果进行了对比,综合评价了它们的模拟效果.从中得出这样的结论:基于纤维模型的三维弹塑性分析方法与基于二维平面分析模型IDARC-2D4.0模拟结果十分相似,具有较好的可靠性和稳定性,而且数值模拟与试验结果比较一致,可以比较真实地模拟结构的弹塑性地震反应.这对研究结构三维弹塑性地震反应有较大的参考意义.

随着震害经验的不断积累,人们逐渐认识到,地震时的地面运动是多维的,不论是对称结构,还是偏心结构常常会产生扭转破坏.因此将结构简化成平面模型并只考虑单向地震动作用的弹塑性分析不能全面反映和揭示结构地震反应的本质.那么,单,双向输入地震动结构弹塑性反应有多大程度上相似和差异,这是人们十分关心的问题,因此应进行多维地震动作用下的结构反应分析.本文将利用三维结构非线性分析程序CANNY99,对一个规则,对称的钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构建立三维空间分析模型,分别在单,双向输入地震动情况下进行了弹塑性地震反应分析,对两种情况下结构顶层位移,加速度,扭转角,基底剪力及各层的最大层间位移角,层剪力,层扭转角等反应进行了比较.通过对比分析表明:对于规则,对称结构在单,双向输入时,最大楼层位移,最大层剪力,最大层间位移角等反应变化不大,顶层位移,加速度时程曲线吻合较好,曲线幅值大小及波形变化也十分相似.但值得注意的是,双向输入时的结构顶层扭转角时程反应和楼层最大扭转角反应都远大于单方向输入时的扭转反应,而且扭转反应与地震波的选择紧密相关.

关 键 词:框架-剪力墙结构弹塑性地震反应纤维模型三维分析模型

Elastic-PlasticEarthquakeResponseAnalysisofReinforcedConcreteFrame-ShearWallStructures

WangTao

ABSTRACT

Theseiiccodeofbuildings(GB50011-2001)ofChinarequiresthatplexhigh-riseneedstheanalysisofelastic-plasticearthquakeresponse.Butthereisnotaproperwaytoprocessthatanalysisofelastic-plasticdeformationofplexhigh-risebuildingandextrahigh-risebuildingtomeetthesafeneeds.

Asreinforcedconcreteframe-shearwallstructuresarewidelyusedinhigh-risebuildingsnow,thenumericalsimulationisanimportantwaytoanalysiselastic-plasticearthquakeresponseofR.C.structure.Therearefewkindsofthesoftware,whichcandotheanalysis.Butmostofthecanonlydotheanalysiswithtwo-dimensionalorpseudo-three-dimensional.Asweknow,thereinforcedconcreteframe-shearwallstructurescannotbesimplifiedtotwo-dimensionalproblem,sothebestwaytosolvetheproblemissettinganewthree-dimensionalmodel.

It'sveryimportanttoadoptpropershearwallmodelandhystereticmodelwhendoingelastic-plasticearthquakeresponseanalysisofR.C.frame-shearwallstructures.Howeverthestudiesonthehystereticrelationsandperformancesofshear-wallaremuchlessthanthoseofbeamsandcolumns,thereisn'taperfectnumericalmodelnow.ThetraditionalmodelssuchaacroscopicfiniteunitforR.C.frame-shearwallstructuressuchasthemodelsusedinDRAIN-2DandIDARC-2Daredifficultappliedinthree-dimensional.Fibermodelandmulti-springmodelareconsideredtobepromisingmodels.Thefibermodelrepresentstheinteractionsamongaxialloadandbi-directionalbendingmoments.Somemechaniceatureofcolumnsthattakeaxialloadcanbeshowedwell.CanthemodelworkproperWhatarethedifferenceofthesimulationseffectbetweenthebetteronesandthetraditionalonesWhethercanitbeusedtoanalysisonrealstructureProblemsgivenabovearestudiedinthispaper.

Thefibermodelandthetraditionalmodelareallusedinthisthesis.Calculationswereconductedtosimulatetwotests:(1)Ashakingtabletestofaninestory1:6scaleframe-shearwallbuildingmodelwascarriedout.(2)onepseudo-dynamictestofaseven-storyR.C.frame-wallprototypemodel,whichwasconductedbyU.S.-Japan.Afterparingthetestresultsoftopfloordisplacement,acceleration,baseshearresponseandmaximumstorydriftratio,thesimulationeffectwasevaluated.Basedonthetestsandsimulations,thethesisgivesaconclusionaollow:Thesimulationresultswhichbasedonthree-dimensionalanalysisoffibermodelandtwo-dimensionanalysissimulatedbyIDARC-2D4.0areverysimilar.Thereliabilityandstabilityofthemareverywell.Andthefactthattheresultsofnumericalsimulationaresimilartotheoneofexperimentprovesthatnumericalsimulationcansimulatetheelastic-plasticearthquakeresponseofR.C.structuresinagoodway.Thisishelpfultotheresearchoftheelastic-plasticearthquakeresponseofR.C.structures.

Aoreandmoreseiicdamageweknow,werecognizethefactthatgroundsurfacemovementsaremultidimensionalwhenearthquakehappened.Nomatterthestructuresaresymmetricalorunsymmetrical,theycanbebrokenbytorsion.Sothetraditionalwaythatsimplifyingthe3-Dstructureto2-Dmodelandanalyzingtheelastic-plasticresponseinonedirectioncannotrevealtheinnatecharacterofearthquakeresponseofR.C.structure.Themostimportantproblemscientistscareaboutisthesimilaritiesanddifferencesintheelastic-plasticearthquakeresponseofR.C.structuresbetweenone-directionearthquakewesinputtedandtwo-directionearthquakewesinputted.

Itissuggestedthattheanalysisbymulti-directionalearthquakewesinputtedisveryimportant.TheauthorusedCANNY99,3-Dnon-linearanalyzingsoftware,establish3-Dnon-linearanalyzingmodeltosimulatearegularandsymmetricalR.C.frame-shearwallbuilding,processsomeelastic-plasticresponseanalysisundertheconditionsofone-directioninputtedandtwo-directionsinputted.Comparingtheresultsoftopfloordisplacement,acceleration,baseshearresponse,maximumstorydriftratio,maximumstoryshearresponseandstorytorsionangle,theauthordrawaconclusionaollow:whentheregularstructuresareundertheconditionsofone-directionweinputtedortwo-directioninputted,maximumstorydisplacement,maximumstoryshearresponseandmaximumstorydriftratiotranormlittle.Thetimehistoryresponsesoftopfloordisplacementandaccelerationareconsistenteachotherundersameconditions.Therearesomephenomenonswhichareworthtoconsidering.Thetimehistoryresponsesoftopfloor-torsionangleundertwo-directioninputtedconditionaregreaterthantheonesunderone-directioninputtedcondition.Thestyleofearthquakewehasgreatinfluenceuponthe-torsionresponse.

Keywords:frame-shearwallstructures,elastic-plasticearthquakeresponse,fibermodel,three-dimensionalanalysiodle

论文中英文摘 要

作者姓名:潘波

论文题目:北京地区近断层强地震动研究

作者简介:男,年月出生,年月师从于,于年月获学位.

PanBo

ABSTRACT

Near-faultstronggroundmotionshebeeeryattractivesubjectofresearchinseiologyandearthquakeengineeringinthelastdecade.Intheendofthelastcentury,manydestructiveearthquakeshecausedgreatdamagesandshownsomemoncharacteristicsinnear-faultzones,whichimpelresearcherstostudythebasiccharacteristicsandthepredictionmethodofnear-faultstronggroundmotions.Basedonthesestudies,peoplecanpredictthespatialdistributionandthetimehistoryofnearfaultstronggroundmotionorcityplanning,seiicstructuraldesignandearthquakedamageprediction.Thisthesisisthesub-topicoftheseiichazardevaluationwhichbelongstotheprojectoftheactivefaultdetectionincities.ThisstudywillbehelpfulfortheseiicstructuraldesignandcityplanningintheBeijingarea,andtoprovidethetechnologicalstorageforseiichazardevaluationinotherbigcitiesofChina.

Theresearchareaofthisworkisabout7800squarekilometers,whichincludesthemid-easternBeijingandallpartofHebeiProvince.Mountainsaredominantinthenorthandnortheastpartofthestudyarea,andplainswhicharecoveredwithunconsolidatedHolocenesedimentsarelocatedinotherpartofthestudyarea.Intheresearcharea,therearealotofearthquakesandactivefaultswhichseriouslyaffectpeople'slifesafetyandeconomicalconstruction.ThemajorregionalfaultsaredividedintotwogroupsofNEandNWdirectioninthestudyarea,andtheNEXiadianfaultthatistheseiogenicfaultofthe1679Sanhe-pingguM等于8earthquakeistheobjectiveofthisresearch.

Thestudyprocessofnear-faultstronggroundmotionsisposedofestablishmentoftheearthquakesourcemodelsandtranittingmediummodels,calculationofmodelsandanalysisofthecalculatedresult.

Firstisestablishmentoftheseiicsourcemodels.The1679Sanhe-pingguM等于8earthquakeisthebiggesteventintheBeijing-Tianjin-Tangshanregionwithdetailedhistoricalrecords.Seiologistshecarriedoutagreatdealofworkonthisearthquake.Inthisthesis,reasonableearthquakesourcemodelsareestablishedandthecorrespondingparametersaregivenaccordingtothefollowingfourdata.

1)Historicalrecordsofthe1679Sanhe-PingguM等于8earthquakeandtheisoseialmapofhistoricalearthquakeswhichispiledonthebasisofhistoricalrecordsand"TheSeiicIntensityTableofChina".

2)Thefieldsurveyparametersofthemorethan10kilometerlongearthquakesurfacerupturezoneandthedataofthedeepandsuperficialseiicprospectinginresearchareas.

3)Theparametersofthe1976TangshanM等于7.8earthquakeforreference,becausethetwoearthquakeshappenedinNorthChinablockandaresimilarintheregionaltectonicstresieldandoftheearthquakerupturemode.

4)TheempiricalrelationsandformulasbetweentheearthquakesourceparametersintheNorthChinablockandworld.

Utilizingtheabovementioneddata,Iestablished6differentearthquakesourcemodelorthefinite-differencemethod(FDM)and1earthquakesourcemodelforthefinite-elementmethod(FEM).SourceparametersoftheFEMaregiveninTable1.

Table1.ParametersofearthquakesourceoftheSanhe-