2016年考研英语

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2016考研英语真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas"related"aourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_(1)_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has__(2)_.

Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_(3)__1,932uniquesubjectswhich__(4)__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_(5)_.

While1%mayseem_(6)_,itisnotsotoageicist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeicsatUCSanDiego,says,"Mostpeopledonoteven_(7)_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectariendsthepeoplewho_(8)_ourkin."

Thestudy_(9)_foundthatthegeneorellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgeneorimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow._(10)_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereiore_(11)_it.Therecouldbemanymechanisworkingtogetherthat_(12)_usinchoosinggeicallysimilarfriends_(13)_"functionalKinship"ofbeingfriendswith_(14)_!

Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthatthesimilargenesseemtobeevolving_(15)_thanothergenes.Studyingthiscouldhelp_(16)_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_(17)_factor.

Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople's_(18)_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento_(20)_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.

1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what

2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised

3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by

4.[A]pared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected

5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples

6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unreliable[D]incredible

7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know

8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]for[D]surpass

9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus

10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps

11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like

12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit

13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith

14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits

15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier

16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express

17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive

18.[A]endeor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency

19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic

20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted"kingsdon'tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep."ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionsheforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.SodoestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdaysDoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwaollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politicsand"embody"aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainonarchs'continuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstooidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyheadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehetoday—embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.


Themostsuccesulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincessesheday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenesakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope'onarchieswillnodoubtbeartenoughtosurviveforsometimetoe,itistheBritishroyalswhohemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy'sreputationwithherratherordinary(ifwell-heeled)grannystyle.ThedangerwillewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehaailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice—asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy'sworstenemies.

21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

[A]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport

[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

[C]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

[D]endedhisreigninembarrasent

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

[C]togivevoterorepublicfigurestolookupto

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4

[A]Aristocrats'excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

[D]Thenobility'sadherencetotheirprivileges

24.TheBritishroyals"hemosttofear"becauseCharles

[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

[D]failstoadapthimselftohiuturerole

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

Text2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldataTheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingrulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritieaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia'sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia'slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofaartphone—aststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,riflingthroughasuspect'spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone'sartphoneiorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Aartphonemaycontainanarrestee'sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof"cloudputing,"meanwhile,haadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution'sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.

Assooftenisthecase,statingthatprincipledoesn'teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyonerouorauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourt,though,maywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomorefreedom.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia'sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution'sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,parestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelruleorthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen,theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

[A]preventsuspectromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

[B]searchforsuspects'mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

[C]checksuspects'phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

[D]prohibitsuspectromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.Theauthor'sattitudetowardCalifornia'sargumentisoneof

[A]disapproval.

[B]indifference.

[C]tolerance.

[D]cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone'sphonecontentsisparableto

[A]gettingintoone'sresidence.

[B]handingone'shistoricalrecords.

[C]scanningone'scorrespondences.

[D]goingthroughone'swallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

[B]thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

[C]citizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected.

[D]phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

30.OrinKerr'sparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

[A]theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

[B]newtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

[C]California'sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

[D]principlesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

Text3

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

"Readerustheconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,"writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal'sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:"Thecreationofthe'statisticsboard'waotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish."

GiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup.Hesaysheexpectstheboardto"playprimarilyanadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoinbecausehe"foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience."

JohnIoannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis"amostwelestepforward"and"longoverdue.""Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewioreessentialthanexpertreview,"hesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.

Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglymoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein2016,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,"engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess".VauxsaysthatScience'sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians"hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapersthatneedscrutiny'inthefirstplace".

31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that

[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisioninresearchprojects.

32.Thephrase"flaggedup"(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

[A]found.

[B]marked.

[C]revised.

[D]stored.

33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers.

[B]meetwithstrongopposition.

[C]increaseScience'scirculation.

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals.

34.DidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

[A]addstoresearchers'workload.

[B]diminishestheroleofreviewers.

[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement.

[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext

[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers.

[B]ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors'Desks

[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

Text4

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch'sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe"unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions"Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly"sortingmechani"insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But"it'sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit".

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:"It'sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbeeoneofthemostdangerouoalorcapitaliandfreedom."ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingpaniessuchasNewsInternational,shieldthought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes–findingguiltyones-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge–thewinderissueofdearthofintegritystillstandstill,Journalistsareknowntohehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.

Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,wowlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredwowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccesuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.

Intoday'sworld,titlehasbeenormalthatwell—paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheanizationsthattheyrunperhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechaniofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business–friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhebeenjusticefairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.

ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstandingtobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanymonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrookayormaynothehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,genoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.

36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby

[A]theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechani

[B]panies'financiallossduetoimmoralpractices.

[C]governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues.

[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions.

37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that

[A]GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.

[B]morejournalistaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.

[C]AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.

[D]phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.

38.TheauthorbelievestheRebekahBooks'sdefence

[A]revealedacunningpersonality

[B]centeredontrivialissues

[C]washardlyconvincing

[D]waspartofaconspiracy

39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows

[A]generallydistortedvalues.

[B]unfairwealthdistribution.

[C]amarginalizedlifestyle.

[D]arigidmoralcode.

40.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph

[A]Thequalityofwritingisofprimaryimportance.

[B]Commonhumanityiscentralnewsreporting.

[C]Moralawarenesattersineditinganewspaper.

[D]Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthefistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

HowdoesyourreadingproceedClearlyyoutrytoprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningorindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourexplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar(41)__________________Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstance,bymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoiakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.

Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofofprehension.Buttheyshowprehensiontoconsistnotjustpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementinferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandcues.(42)________________

Conceivedinthisway,prehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor"true"meaningthatcanbereadoffandclockedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.(43)_______

Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.(44)________________________Thisdoesn't,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereaderromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage-includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns-debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.

Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.(45)________________Suchdimensionsofreadsuggest-asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo-thatwebringanimplicit(oftenunacknowledged)agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn'tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingiuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointorandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.

2016年考研英语参考属性评定
有关论文范文主题研究: 关于移民的论文范文资料 大学生适用: 硕士毕业论文、函授论文
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所属大学生专业类别: 怎么写 论文题目推荐度: 经典题目

A.ArewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivencourseReadingitsimplyforpleasureSkimmingitforinformationWaysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.

B.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgenderethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.

C.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeaning,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbeerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.

D.Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthehad:Thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.

E.Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstance,abouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.

F.Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyaouthpieceortheauthor'sownthoughts.

G.Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsofanizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext'ormalstructures(soespeciallyitslanguagestructures)andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.

答案:41—45CEGBA

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.(46)Thiovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.

(47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.Ofnecessity,colonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes,andmanyotherswhoattemptedtotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstothenewworld.(48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,theinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.Buttheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhich,althoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanyways,hadacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.

(49)ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerica.Inthemeantime,thrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies,andSouthAmerica.ThesetrelerstoNorthAmericacameinall,unmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyage,theysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstorms,manypassengersdiedofdisease,andinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselarofftheircourse,andoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.

TotheanxioustrelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.saidonerecorderofevents,"Theairattwelveleagues'distanceeltassweetasanew-blowngarden."Thecolonists'firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.(50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber.Herewastherawmaterialofhousesandfurniture,shipsandpotash,dyesandnalstores.

答案:

46.在多种强大的动机驱使下,这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家,就其本质而言,这种运动塑造了这个未知大陆的性格和命运.

47.美国是两种主要力量的产物,分别是:不同思想,风俗迥异以及附有民族特征的欧洲移民行为,和这个新建立的国家在融合了移民所涉及的上述特征之后所产生的影响.

48.然而,由于美国特殊的地理条件,不同民族之间的相互作用,以及为了维护各自原有的一些生活方式,从而使得这个新大陆引起了巨大的变化.

49.曾经在15,16世纪的地理探索中发现了北美洲,百年之后,载满移民的第一艘航船跨过大西洋,来到了这篇领地,即现在的美国.

50.这是一座名副其实的宝库,拥有丰富的资源和种类繁多的树种,它从缅因州一路延伸到乔治亚州.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

Directions:

Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanofabout100wordsremendingabooktotheclubmembers.

Youshouldstatereasonoryourremendation.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethepicturebriefly,

2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

参考范文

PartA

Dearmembers,

Iamwritingtoremendyouagreatbook,"LifeWillStartfromTomorrow",thatIhejustreadrecently,asIwillholdaclubreadingsessionthisweekend.

ThemainreasonswhyIremendthisbookareaollows.Firstandforemost,itisthestoryabouttwowheelchairgirls,whoarestruggling,fightingagainsttheirdestiny.Wecanlearnperseverancefromthem.What'ore,itscontentsgiveuscouragetofacethedifficultieswemeetinourdailylife.

IreallyhopeyouwilllikeitasIdoandIamlookingforwardtodiscussingmorewithyou.

Sincerelyyours,

LiMing

PartB

Asisvividlydepictedinthepictureabove,fouryoungpeople,boysandgirls,arehingdinnerwhiletheyallfocusontheirtelephones,sayingnothingtoeachother.Thedishesonthetableareuntouched.Thereisacaption,agatheringintheageofmobilephones,belowthepicture.Itisamonsocialphenomenonnowadaysbutthesymbolicmeaningisprofound.

Therearenumerousreasonortheabovephenomenon,whichisconveyedinthepicture.Here,Iwilllistthetoptwoones.Inthefirstplace,aphonereallygivesusconvenienceasamunicationtool,butpeopledependtoomuchonittomunicatewithothers,especiallywhentheartphonesarewidelyused,andweignoretheface-to-facemunication.Secondly,livinginatightfast-pacedcitylife,peopletrytoimprovetheirability.Atelephonecanprovidevariousinformationasaputerdoessothatsomepeopledon'twanttowastetheirvaluabletimeeveniftheyaresurroundedbyfriends.

Todrawaconclusion,itiswiseforustochangethisphenomenon.Foronething,weshouldusemobilephonesproperlyandreasonably.Foranother,learningtorelaxourselvesandmunicatewithotherace-to-facewillhelpusheagreatfuture.

考研1号—基础薄弱者的首选品牌