优秀微课拍摄应用

1995年考研英语真题资料下载

PartⅠStructureandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicearkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestpletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets,(5points)

1.Between1897and1919,atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed.

A.hadproducedB.hebeenproduced

C.wouldheproducedD.hadbeenproduced

2.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthaninthepublicmindtoday.

A.existsB.existC.existingD.existed

3.Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargumentinforofthenewtheory.

A.whichtobaseonB.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhichD.whichtobebasedon

4.anhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

A.EverybodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.Nobody

5.Howmanyofus,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.heattended

6.Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverseitprovidesthebuildingblockromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.

A.sothatB.butthatC.inthatD.providedthat

7.Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleinapersonalone.

A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.betterthanD.lessthan

8.isgenerallyaccepted,economicalgrowthisdeterminedbytheoothdevelopmentofproduction.

A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As

9.Itisbelievedthattoday'spopmusiccanserveasacreativeforcestimulatingthethinkingofitslisteners.

A.byB.withC.atD.on

10.Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,theatmosphere.

A.asitisB.thesameisC.soisD.andsois

SectionB(11~20略:新大纲不再考查的部分)

SectionC

Directions:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicearkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestpletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)

21.Inthatcountry,gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyiftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.

A.admiredB.regardedC.expectedD.worshipped

22.Aofthelongreportbythebudgetmitteewassubmittedtothemayorforapproval.

A.shorthandB.schemeC.scheduleD.sketch

23.Amanhastomakeforhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.

A.supplyB.assuranceC.provisionD.adjustment

24.Thenewly-builtScienceBuildingseemsenoughtolastahundredyears.

A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantialD.steady

25.Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryarefreemedicalcare.

A.entitledtoB.involvedinC.associatedwithD.assignedto

26.Thefarmersweremoreanxiouorrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat.

A.dangerB.stakeC.lossD.threat

27.IfelttodeathbecauseIcouldmakenothingofthechairman'sspeech.

A.fatiguedB.tiredC.exhaustedD.bored

28.Whentheenginewouldnotstart,themechanicinspectedallthepartstofindwhatwasat.

A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty

29.Youradvicewouldbevaluabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswitsend.

A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively

30.Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehastotheconsequences.

A.answerforB.runintoC.abidebyD.stepinto

31.Theriverisalreadyitsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall,andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.

A.ParalleltoB.levelinC.flatonD.flushwith

32.Peoplethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

A.convincedB.anticipatedC.resolvedD.assured

33.Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenorforlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnoprehensivesystematicprogrammeforthereadingskills.

A.adaptedB.acknowledgedC.assembledD.appointed

34.Themothersaidshewouldhersonwashingthedishesifhecouldfinishhisassignmentbeforesupper.

A.letdownB.letaloneC.letoffD.letout

35.Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthatdecisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt

36.Johnplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpagesinthedictionary.

A.missingB.losingC.droppingD.leaking

37.Inthepast,mostforestershebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomenthiieldisclimbing.

A.engagingB.devotingC.registeringD.pursuing

38.Thesupervisordidn'thetimesofartogointoit,buthegeusanideaabouthisplan.

A.athandB.inturnC.inconclusionD.atlength

39.Theirdemandforapayraisehasnottheslightestofbeingmet.

A.prospectB.predictionC.prosperityD.permission

40.It'susuallythecasethatpeopleseldombeheinawaywheninafuriousstate.

A.stableB.rationalC.legalC.credible

PartⅡClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicearkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(10points)

Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep41kindofsleepisatallwellunderstood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.ThepurposeofnonREMsleepisevenmore43.Thenewexperiments,suchasthose44forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanations45ofnon-REMsleep.

Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep46is100percentfataltorats,yet,47examinationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookpletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnow48themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Therats49bacterialinfectionsoftheblood,50theirimmunesystems—theselfprotectingmechaniagainstdisease—hadcrashed.

41.A.EitherB.NeitherC.EachD.Any

42.A.intendedB.requiredC.assumedD.inferred

43.A.subtleB.obviousC.mysteriousD.doubtful

44.A.maintainedB.describedC.settledD.afforded

45.A.inthelightB.byvirtueC.withtheexceptionD.forthepurpose

46.A.reductionB.destructionC.deprivationD.restriction

47.A.uponB.byC.throughD.with

48.A.paidattentiontoB.caughtsightofC.laidemphasisonD.castlighton

49.A.developB.produceC.stimulateD.induce

50.A.ifB.asifC.onlyifD.ifonly

PartⅢReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowiollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswerarkedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachoftheques-tion.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(40points)

Passage1

MoneyspentonadvertisingioneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprices,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatpetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabor,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesauch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtrelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.

Andperhapostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.ApartfromthefactthattwentysevenActsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

AdvertisingdoeoreforthematerialbenefitofthemunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.

ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.

Ifitessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation—andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolorofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewellknowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat.

[A]heiairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingioneyconsuming

[C]advertisingcostoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

52.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising.

[A]Securinggreaterfame

[B]Providingmorejobs

[C]Enhancinglivingstandards

[D]Reducingnewspapercost

53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis.

[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgementonadvertising

[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers'attention

[C]correctintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation

[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising

54.Intheauthor'sopinion.

[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation

[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover

[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer

[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement

Passage2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage—alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthiuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehe,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends,therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totrelnewroads,peopleneedtoheawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fail"atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.DoweperceiveourselvesasquickandcuriousIfso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisiveThenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwereslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotartenoughtocopewithanewchallengeThenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandoveretheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webeetrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.

[A]hehasgivenuphisokinghabit

[B]hehaadegreateffortsinhiswork

[C]heiskeenonlearninganythingnew

[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney

56.Intheauthor'seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould.

[A]succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder

[B]judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements

[C]facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges

[D]aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime

57.Whentheauthorsays"anewwayofbeing"(Lines3,Para.3),heisreferringto.

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves

[D]anewsystemofadaptingtochange

58.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept.

[A]curiosityaboutmorechances

[B]promptnessinself-adaptation

[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiences

[D]oidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

Passage3

Insuchachanging,plexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbeeplicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionacingmanypeopletoday.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarⅡ.Aamilieoveawayfromtheirstablemunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconscioulowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualmunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.

Addingtosocialchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhaoreinformationailablethananygeneration,andthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemisplicated,timeconsumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readablefiles,andtoprogramputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telemunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satellitesheextendedthepowerofmunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleingtheirhomesand/orjobstotreltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhaacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformation,thuakingmoreinformationailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhoheaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,willsurviveandsucceed."Knowledgeispower"maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Theword"it"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto.

[A]thelackofstablemunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

[C]theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

[D]thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

60.Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayariseromthefactthat..

[A]theyhetolearnnewthingsconsciously

[B]theylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformation

[C]theyhedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadily

[D]theycanhardlycarryoutcasualmunicationswithanextendedfamily

61.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat..

[A]electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintranittingmessages

[B]itwillbeemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera

[C]peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferences

[D]eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites

62.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat..

[A]itisnecessarytoobtainauchknowledgeaspossible

[B]peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessible

[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation

[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently

Passage4

Personalityistoalargeextentinherent—A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsoheaprofoundeffect,sinceifpetitionisimportanttotheparents,itislikelytobeeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.

OneplacewherechildrensoakupA-characteristicsisschool,whichis,byitsverynature,ahighlypetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe"winatallcosts"moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrenpeteagainsttheirclasatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem,inwhichpetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhedangerousconsequences:rememberthatPheidippides,thefirstmarathonrunner,droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:"Rejoice,weconquer！"

Byfartheworstformofpetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofpetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionable,butpetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.

Obviously,itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallA-youngsterschangeintoB's.Theworldneedstypes,andschoolsheanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.

Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessened,moretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues.Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessions,especiallymedicine,couldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsassensitivityandsympathy.ItissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromAtypestock.B'sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged.

63.Accordingtothepassage,A-typeindividualsareusually.

[A]impatient[B]considerate

[C]aggressive[D]agreeable

64.Theauthorisstronglyopposedtothepracticeofexaminationsatschoolsbecause.

[A]thepressureistoogreatonthestudents

[B]somestudentsareboundtofail

[C]failureratesaretoohigh

[D]theresultsofexaminationsaredoubtful

65.Theselectionofmedicalprofessionalsarecurrentlybasedon..

[A]candidates'sensitivity[B]academicachievements

[C]petitivespirit[D]surervalues

66.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat..

[A]thepersonalityofachildiswellestablishedatbirth

[B]familyinfluencedominatestheshapingofone'scharacteristics

[C]thedevelopmentofone'spersonalityisduetomultiplefactors

[D]B-typecharacteristicscanfindnoplaceinapetitivesociety

Passage5

Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehiorisevidenceofanobviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.Learningcouldnotoccurwithoutthefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.Constantpracticehassuchaneffectonmemoryastoleadtoskillfulperformanceonthepiano,torecitationofapoem,andeventoreadingandunderstandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehourdemandemory,rememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.Theabilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexistsdependsonmemory.Typically,thedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedonrememberingmanyearlierexperiences.

Practice(orreview)tendstobuildandmaintainmemoryforataskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobefotten,andtheadaptiveconsequenceaynotseemobvious.Yet,dramaticinstancesofsuddenfettingcanbeseentobeadaptive.Inthissense,theabilitytofetcanbeinterpretedtohesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeed,whenone'emoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadstoseriousanxiety,fettingmayproducerelief.Nevertheless,anevolutionaryinterpretationmigakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthemonlygradualprocessoffettingsurvivednaturalselection.

Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallitspossibleaspects,itishelpfultoconsiderwhatwouldhappenifmemorieailedtofade.Fettingclearlyaidsorientationintime,sinceoldmemoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandout,providingclueorinferringduration.Withoutfetting,adaptiveabilitywouldsuffer,forexample,learnedbehiorthatmighthebeencorrectadecadeagomaynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewho(byordinarystandards)fotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.Thiettingseemstoservethesurvivaloftheindividualandthespecies.

Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemoflimitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythroughfetting.Inthisview,continualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorage(input)andfetting(output).Indeed,thereisevidencethattherateatwhichindividualetisdirectlyrelatedtohowmuchtheyhelearned.Suchdataoffergrosssupportofcontemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninputoutputbalance.

67.Fromtheevolutionarypointofview

[A]fettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptive

[B]ifapersongetsveryfetfulallofasuddenhemustbeveryadaptive

[C]thegradualprocessoffettingisanindicationofanindividual'sadaptability

[D]suddenfettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequences

68.Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonneverfot.

[A]hewouldsurvivebest

[B]hewouldhealotoftrouble

[C]hisabilitytolearnwouldbeenhanced

[D]theevolutionofmemorywouldstop

69.Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat..

[A]fetfulnessisaresponsetolearning

[B]thememorystoragesystemisanexactlybalancedinput-outputsystem

[C]memoryisapensationforfetting

[D]thecapacityofamemorystoragesystemislimitedbecausefettingoccurs

70.Inthisarticle,theauthortriestointerpretthefunctionof..

[A]remembering[B]fetting

[C]adapting[D]experiencing

PartⅣEnglishChineseTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15points)

Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltestthatarewidelyusedtoaidinselecting,classifying,assigning,orpromotingstudents,employees,andmilitarypersonnelhebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,andeveninCongress.(71)Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithillinformedorinpetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedconditions.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.

Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpastperformance:schoolgrades,researchproductivity,salesrecords,orwhateverisappropriate.(72)Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationailableisalwaysinpleteandthatthepredictionsarealwayssubjecttoerror.

Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext.Theyprovideaquick,objectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonlearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindsofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhas,qualitatively,thesameadvantagesandshortingsasotherkindsofinformation.(73)Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandailability.

(74)Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined.Properlyused,theyprovidearapidmeansofgettingparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimestheyidentifystudentswhosehighpotentialhasnotbeenpreviouslyrecognized,buttherearemanythingstheydonotdo.(75)Forexample,theydonotpensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthebeen,hadhegrownupundermoreforablecircumstances.

PartⅤWriting(15points)

Directions:

A.Title:THE"PROJECTHOPE"

B.Timelimit:40minutes

C.Wordlimit:120～150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)

D.YourpositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:"Educationplayseryimportantroleinthemodernizationofourcountry"

E.YourpositionmustbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Outline:

1.Presentsituation,

2.Necessityoftheproject,

3.Mysuggestion.

1995年考研英语真题答案快速扫描

1.D2.A3.B4.D5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A10.C(11~20略:新大纲不再考查的部分)21.B22.D23.C24.C25.A26.B27.D28.A29.A30.A31.D32.B33.A34.C35.B36.A37.D38.D39.A40.B41.B42.3.4.B45.D46.7.A48.D49.A50.B51.D52.A53.D54.C55.A56.A57.A58.D59.B60.C61.A62.D63.C64.B65.B66.C67.D68.B69.A70.B1995年考研英语真题答案系统精析

PartⅠStructureandVocabulary

SectionA

1.Between1897and1919,atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed.

A.hadproducedB.hebeenproduced

C.wouldheproducedD.hadbeenproduced

【句意】在1897年至1919年期间,至少拍摄了二十九部描写有关人造生物的影片.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为86%

【考核知识点】过去完成时态的被动语态

【解析】根据句首的时间状语可知句子是一般过去时,谓语动词要用过去式,因此B不对,影片是被拍摄的,应该是被动语态,所以A,C也不对.应选D.

2.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthaninthepublicmindtoday.

A.existsB.existC.existingD.existed

【句意】当今,公众心目中认为患癌症的机率极大,应该说这种忧虑实为过分.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为10%

【考核知识点】省略句

【解析】"than"后面是一个比较状语的从句,省去了主语"anxiety",此处应填谓语动词,所以C不对,根据时间状语"today"可知该句子是一般现在时态,所以D也不对,"anxiety"是不可数名词,动词应该变为单数形式+s,所以B也不对.答案为A.

3.Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargumentinforofthenewtheory.

A.whichtobaseonB.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhichD.whichtobebasedon

【句意】教授几乎找不到足够的证据来支持新理论的论点.

【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为61%

【考核知识点】引导词加不定式的结构

【解析】所填之词应该与后面的短语一起作定语,修饰前面主句的宾语"ground",所以C不对,"baseon"是词组,因此应将"on"置于引导词"which"之前,构成"介词+引导词+不定式"结构,所以A,D也不对.应选B.

【举例】Sheislookingforsomethingwithwhichtocleanthecarpet.

Heislookingforaplaceinwhichtomeethiriends.

Yetnowhehadnopretextonwhichtoprolonghisstay.

4.canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.

A.EverybodyB.AnybodyC.SomebodyD.Nobody

【句意】没有人不对科幻小说给我们带来的奇妙世界着迷.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为66%

【考核知识点】cannothelpbut...结构

【解析】"cannothelpbut"是固定搭配,意为"不得不","只能",而题中没有否定词"not",所以应该选一个具有否定意义的词来构成此意,A,B,C都表示肯定,只有选"Nobody".故选D.

【举例】Youcan'thelpbutrespectthem.

Icouldn'thelpbutremarkaboutthepoorfoodinthedinninghall.

5.Howmanyofus,,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion

A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.heattended

【句意】检测设我们参加了一个与我们毫无关系的会议,有多少人会对会上的讨论感兴趣呢

【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为32%

【考核知识点】非谓语动词

【解析】根据句子可知,主语是"Howmanyofus",谓语是"wouldbeinterested","say"为插入语,意为"比方说",因此,所填之词应该是非谓语动词,A为过去式形式,不对,D为完成时,也不正确,不定式作定语表示未来的行为,所以C也不对,现在分词作定语表示一般行为,应选B.

【举列】Doyouknowthemantalkingtoourdean

Mostoftheworkersworkinginthiactoryareoldordisabled.

6.Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverseitprovidesthebuildingblockromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.

A.sothatB.butthatC.inthatD.providedthat

【句意】氢是宇宙中的基本元素,因为它为生成其他元素提供基础材料.

【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为54%

【考核知识点】引导词测试

【解析】根据句子可知,前后两个句子应该是因果关系."sothat"意为以便,结果,引导目的和结果状语从句,"butthat":除了,要不是,引导宾语从句和结果状语从句,"inthat":因为,在于,引导原因状语从句,"providedthat":如果等,以等为条件,引导条件状语从句.应选C.

7.Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleinapersonalone.

A.ratherthanB.otherthanC.betterthanD.lessthan

【句意】我们学过在书写商业信件时应用正式文体而不能用私人信件的写法.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为66%

【考核知识点】固定结构

【解析】"ratherthan"意为不是,"otherthan"是除等之外之意,"betterthan"表示好于,"lessthan"为少于.根据句子的意思可知,本句话是表示一种否定选择关系.故A为正确选项.

【举例】Idecidedtoeatappleratherthanpear.

Heinsistedthatheshouldstayratherthango.

OtherthanJohn,noonewasthere.

8.isgenerallyaccepted,economicalgrowthisdeterminedbytheoothdevelopmentofproduction.

A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As

【句意】正如公众普遍所接受的,生产的稳定发展决定经济的增长.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为50%

【考核知识点】非限定性定语从句

【解析】句中所填之词引导的应该是非限定性定语从句,"What"和"That"一般引导名词性从句,"It"不能引导从句,只有"As"可引导非限定性状语从句.故选D.

【举例】HeisanIrish,asIknowfromhisaccent.

Taiwanis,asyouknow,aninseparablepartofChina.

9.Itisbelievedthattoday'spopmusiccanserveasacreativeforcestimulatingthethinkingofitslisteners.

A.byB.withC.atD.on

【句意】人们相信现代流行音乐可以通过刺激听众思考力来激发其创造力.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为46%

【考核知识点】介词测试

【解析】"by"意为通过等方式,"with"意为随着,"at"意为在等方面,"on"意为在等时候.根据句子可知,应该选用"by"表示通过等方式.故选A.

【举例】Hememorizedthearticlebyrepeating.

10.Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,theatmosphere.

A.asitisB.thesameisC.soisD.andsois

【句意】正如土壤是地球的一部分一样,大气层也是.

【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为55%

【考核知识点】倒装

【解析】后面句子同前面句子意思相近,表示大气层也是地球的一部分.,所以用A,B不对,D多了"and",不合语法.应选C.

SectionB(11~20略:新大纲不再考查的部分)

SectionC

21.Inthatcountry,gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyiftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.

A.admiredB.regardedC.expectedD.worshipped

【句意】在那个国家,如果在宴会举行前三四天才收到邀请,客人会觉得没有受到尊重.

【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为24%

【考核知识点】近义词辩析

【解析】[A]admired是"羡慕,钦佩"

[B]regarded尊敬,重视

[C]expected盼望,期待

[D]worshipped崇拜(神灵,偶像)

22.Aofthelongreportbythebudgetmitteewassubmittedtothemayorforapproval.

A.shorthandB.schemeC.scheduleD.sketch

【句意】预算委员会的长篇报告的概要已交到市长处以待批示.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为32%

【考核知识点】形近词辩析

【解析】[A]shorthand速记

[B]scheme计划,阴谋

[C]schedule时刻表,进度表

[D]sketch梗概,大意,概要

23.Amanhastomakeforhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.

A.supplyB.assuranceC.provisionD.adjustment

【句意】一个人必须积攒足够的钱以备养老.

【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为18%

【考核知识点】近义词辨析

【解析】[A]supply提供,供给

[B]assurance保证

[C]provision准备,提供,防备,事先准备.作"准备"时用for,作"提供"时,接of

[D]adjustment调整,调节makeadjustment做调整

24.Thenewly-builtScienceBuildingseemsenoughtolastahundredyears.

A.spaciousB.sophisticatedC.substantialD.steady

【句意】新建的科技楼似乎结实得可以用上一百年.

【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为26%

【考核知识点】形容词辩析

【解析】[A]spacious宽敞的spaciousroom宽敞的屋子

[B]sophisticated复杂的,精密的(仪器),老练的(人)

[C]substantial牢固的,结实的,(餐食)丰盛的

[D]steady稳定的,经常的Heisnotsteadyonhislegs.他腿脚不稳.

25.Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryarefreemedicalcare.

A.entitledtoB.involvedinC.associatedwithD.assignedto

【句意】众所周知,在我们国家退休工人是有权享受免费医疗的.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为60%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]entitledto有权(资格),后接名词或不定式beentitledtoafreemeal有资格免费吃饭

[B]involvedin卷入,牵涉,参与beinvolvedinaquarrel卷入争吵

[C]associatedwith与等有联系

[D]assignedto被分配,被指派Agroupofyoungmenwereassignedtoplanttree一队小伙子被指派去植树.

26.Thefarmersweremoreanxiouorrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat.

A.dangerB.stakeC.lossD.threat

【句意】农民比城市里的人更渴望下雨,因为他们的得失更多地取决于雨水.

【答案及考生答对率]B,答对率为46%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]danger危险beindanger

[B]stake火刑柱

[C]loss损失ataloss不知所措(后常接不定式)

[D]threat威胁underthethreatof在等威胁下

27.IfelttodeathbecauseIcouldmakenothingofthechairman'sspeech.

A.fatiguedB.tiredC.exhaustedD.bored

【句意】因为我一点也听不懂主席的发言所以觉得烦得要死.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为52%

【考核知识点】形容词词义辨析

【解析】[A]fatigued劳累的.[例]Hewaatiguedbyworking.他工作很劳累.

[B]tired劳累的,厌烦的

[C]exhausted疲惫不堪的

[D]bored厌烦的

28.Whentheenginewouldnotstart,themechanicinspectedallthepartstofindwhatwasat..

A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty

【句意】当发动机发动不起来时,机修工检查了所有的部件以便发现是出了什么故障.

【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为38%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]wrong邪恶,不正是形容词,不与at搭配inthewrong错了,不对

[B]trouble麻烦,困难introuble处于困境

[C]fault错误,故障atfault出错,出故障(固定搭配)

[D]difficulty困难与in搭配withdifficulty困难地

29.Youradvicewouldbevaluabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively

【句意】你的建议对他会很有价值,他目前已经是一筹莫展了.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为20%

【考核知识点】副词词义辨析

【解析】[A]exceedingly非常,修饰valuable,意思恰当.

[B]excessively过度地,过分地

[C]extensively广泛地

[D]exclusively独占地

30.Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehastotheconsequences.

A.answerforB.runintoC.abidebyD.stepinto

【句意】他没能履行合同中的一些条款,现在他必须对其后果负责.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为65%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]answerfor对等负责,保证

[B]runinto偶然撞上,陷入runintoafriend/trouble/difficulties撞上树/遇到朋友/麻烦/困难

[C]abideby遵守.[例]abidebyonepromise遵守/诺言

[D]stepinto迈入,迈进

31.Theriverisalreadyitsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall,andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.

A.paralleltoB.levelinC.flatonD.flushwith

【句意】由于降雨量过多,河水水面已经与河岸平行,城市可能会受到洪水的威胁.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为29%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]parallelto与等平行(多指线)Thehighwayrunsparalleltotherailroad.公路与铁路平行.

[B]levelin在等相等Thetwoteamswerelevelinthepetition.两支队在比赛中不相上下.

[C]flaton平坦的,平卧的Thedeaddogwaylyingonthefloor.那只死狗躺在地上.

[D]flushwith与等齐平,不突出Theshelveswereflushwiththewall.书架和墙齐平.

32.Peoplethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.

A.convincedB.anticipatedC.resolvedD.assured

【句意】人们期待着用直升机运输能像如今的航班一样运载数以百万计的乘客.

【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为56%

【考核知识点】动词词义辨析

【解析】[A]convinced相信(convincesb.ofsth./beconvineed)

[B]anticipated期待,预测,期望

[C]resolved决心

[D]assured使等相信(assuresb.ofsth./assure(sb.)that)

33.Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenorforlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnoprehensivesystematicprogramforthereadingskills.

A.adaptedB.acknowledgedC.assembledD.appointed

【句意】尽管有专为学习语言而编写或改编的各式各样的阅读材料,却仍没有培养阅读技巧的综合性系统教程.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为45%

【考核知识点】词义辨析

【解析】[A]adapted使适应,改编可与介词for搭配

[B]acknowledged承认(后接动名词)

[C]assembled集合,装配

[D]appointed任命,派

34.Themothersaidshewouldhersonwashingthedishesifhecouldfinishhisassignmentbeforesupper.

A.letdownB.letaloneC.letoffD.letout

【句意】母亲说,如果儿子能在饭前完成家庭作业的话就不让他洗碗了.

【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为43%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]letdown使等失望studyhard,don'tletmedown.好好学习,可别让我失

[B]letalone更不用说Thebabycantevenwalk,letalonerun.这婴儿走都不能

更不用说跑.

[C]letoff宽舒,放过,允许不干

[D]letout泄密,释放Threeyearslaterthecrimewasletout.三年之后那个罪犯刑满释放了.

35.Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthatdecisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.

A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt

【句意】我们应永远铭记草率的决定常常使人在事后感到痛心疾首.

【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为58%

【考核知识点】形容词辨析

【解析】[A]urgent紧急的urgentcall/letter紧急/急信

[B]hasty草率的,仓促的.[搭配]hastydecision草率的决定

[C]instant即时的,迅速的instantreply/death即时答复/迅速死亡

[D]prompt(动作)迅速的,(人)敏捷的promptaction迅速行动

36.Johnplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpagesinthedictionary.

A.missingB.losingC.droppingD.leaking

【句意】约翰向书商抱怨说字典缺好了几页.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为55%

【考核知识点】形容词辨析

【解析】在四个选项中,只有[A]为形容词,并可作后置定语.其余为现在分词.

[A]missing失落的,不见的

[B]losing正在失去(是及物动词,不是放在被修饰词之后作定语)

[C]dropping正在落下,往下掉的

[D]leaking正在渗漏,正在泄漏的

37.Inthepast,mostforestershebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomenthiieldisclimbing.

A.engagingB.devotingC.registeringD.pursuing

【句意】过去,林业工人多数都是男性,但是,今天从事这一领域事业的女性人数正在增多.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为28%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]engaging.[搭配]beengagedin意为"参加,从事"

[B]devoting要与介词to搭配,多用bedevotedto这一结构:devoteoneself/one'stime/one'slifeto献身于,把等用于

[C]registering注册,登记

[D]pursuing从事,追求,是及物动词,以field为宾语

38.Thesupervisordidn'thetimesofartogointoit,buthegeusanideaabouthisplan.

A.athandB.inturnC.inconclusionD.atlength

【句意】到目前为止,主管人员还没有时间对该问题进行详细考察,但是他首先让我们对他的计划有了一定的了解.

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为51%

【考核知识点】固定搭配

【解析】[A]athand在手边,(时间)临近Somebooksareathand.手头有几本书.

[B]inturn轮流Thethreesonstakecareoftheirfatherinturn.三个儿子轮流照顾父亲.

[C]inconclusion最后Inconclusion,thankyouforyourattention.最后,感谢各位的关注.

[D]atlength详细地,最后TheEnglishteacherexplainedthekeyofthistestatlength.英语老师详细解释了这次考试的答案.

39.Theirdemandforapayraisehasnottheslightestofbeingmet.

A.prospectB.predictionC.prosperityD.permission

【句意】他们要求增加工资是无望实现的.

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为36%

【考核知识点】形近词词义辨析

【解析】[A]prospect希望,(复数)前景

[B]prediction预测,预言

[C]prosperity繁荣,兴旺,茂盛

[D]permission允许,许可,同意

40.It'susuallythecasethatpeopleseldombeheinawaywheninafuriousstate.

A.stableB.rationalC.legalC.credible

【句意】在愤怒的状态中,往往很少有人能按理智的方式行事.

【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为47%

【考核知识点】形容词词义辨析

【解析】[A]stable稳定的stablejob稳定的工作

[B]rational理智的,理性的

[C]legal合法的,法律的legalbusiness合法经营

[D]credible可信的crediblefriends可以信赖的朋友

PartⅡCloseTest

文章大意

人们通常把睡眠分为浅睡和深睡两个阶段.眼球快速转动并做梦为浅睡阶段的特征.现代医学对两个阶段的睡眠还不能做出很完整的阐释,但是人们对浅睡的作用一直抱以较为系统的猜想,而且最新的实验也精彩的解释了深睡的作用.

全文精译,答案出处及英汉对照

Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnonREMsleep.41kindofsleepisatallwellunderstood,butREMsleepis42toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-EMsleepisevenmore43.Thenewexperiments,suchasthose44forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanations45ofnon-EMsleep.

Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep46is100percentfataltorats,yet,47examinationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookpletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnow48themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Therats49bacterialinfectionsoftheblood,50theirimmunesystems—theselfprotectingmechaniagainstdisease—hadcrashed.

睡眠通常被分为所谓的"快动眼"睡眠阶段和较长的非快动眼睡眠.前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦.我们对两种形式的睡眠了解(41)都不多,但是人们(42)检测设REM睡眠对大脑起着某种康复功能.非快动眼睡眠起的作用更(43)神秘.最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上,专家们首次(44)描述的一些新实验,对眼球非快速移动睡眠(45)的作用的阐释令人着迷.

比如,人们早已了解到,完全(46)剥夺老鼠的睡眠对其具有100%的致命性,然而,(47)在检查老鼠死尸时,这些动物看上去完全正常.一研究人员已(48)阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘.老鼠(49)患血液细菌感染,(50)似乎他们的免疫系统——抵御疾病的自我保护机制——已崩溃.

答案详解

41.【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为62%

【考核知识点】不定代词的用法

【解析】[A]Either两者中任何一个

[B]Neither两者都不

[C]Each每个

[D]Any任何一个

本题可从空格所在的分句里出现的关 键 词atall入手,词组一般与否定词连用(即not...atall,意为"一点也不,根本不"),因而这里填的肯定是带否定含义的词.

本题四个备选项:其中只有neither本身就带有否定含义.如:Neitherofuscouldfinishthisexperimentalone.我们两个谁也不能独自完成这个实验.either表示肯定,如:Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.在街道的哪边停车都可以,each用于肯定句中,例如:Eachoftheboysinthisclasshehadhaircutdown.这个班级的每个男生都剪了头发,any指三者或三者以上,多用于否定,疑问句中,如:Isthereanyquestion有问题吗

42.【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为46%

【考核知识点】动词词义辨析

【解析】[A]intended打算(让)

[B]required要求,需要

[C]assumed认为,检测定

[D]inferred推论

本句译为:人们对两个阶段的睡眠都不太了解,不过人们推测,REM睡眠有一些对大脑修复的功能.intendtodosth.(等于meantodosth.)意为"打算做某事",主语一般是有生命的事物.如:Theyintendtogotothetheatre.他们打算去剧院.assume后接不定式做主语补足语,beassumedtodosth.被检测定/认为做某事.infer的对象应是推出的结果.

如:Iinfer(fromhiseyes)thatheistellinglies.我(从他的眼神)推断出他在撒谎.

43.【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为68%

【考核知识点】形容词词义辨析

【解析】[A]subtle微妙的

[B]obvious明显的

[C]mysterious神秘的

[D]doubtful令人怀疑的

subtle,如:Hefeltpeopleweresubtlewhentheywereinlove.他觉得人们在恋爱时都难以捉摸.doubtful,如:Itisadoubtfulevent.那是个可疑的事件.

前文提到人们对两种睡眠阶段不是很了解时用了wellunderstood一词,从逻辑语意上可以推断出non-REMsleep对人们来说是尚未被了解的,神秘的事物,因此,几个选项中mysterious最合适.

44.【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为50%

【考核知识点】动词词义辨析

【解析][A]maintained保持,坚持

[B]described描写,描述

[C]settled解决,定居

[D]afforded付得起钱,承担得起

本句主干部分是Thenewexperimentssuggestfascinatingexplanations.suchas引导的短语是对experiments的举例.四个选项中,maintain与句中的forthefirsttime相矛盾,settle,与文中的suggest相矛盾,these指的是前面所讲的有关睡眠的话题,所选项用来修饰these,afford不符合文意.由此,只有B符合题意.

45.【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为46%

【考核知识点】短语语意辨析

【解析】[A]inthelight(of)根据,考虑到

[B]byvirtue(of)凭借,由于

[C]withtheexception(of)除等之外

[D]forthepurposeof为等目的

四个短语都可与介词of连用.据句子知,此处用"inthelight(of)"和"byvirtue(of)"显然不对,explanations解释的就是上文中的thepurposeofnon-REMsleep,而且explanation后常与for搭配,表示"等的原因",所以答案选D.

46.【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为49%

【考核知识点】名词词义辨析

【解析】[A]reduction减少

[B]destruction破坏,毁坏

[C]deprivation剥夺,丧失

[D]restriction限制

本句是说"完全等老鼠的睡眠必定会使其丧命".是一个由转折连词yet引导的并列句.reduction意为"减少",deprivation意为"剥夺",restriction意为"限制".destruction意为"破坏,毁灭",通常指具体事物,如:TheearthquakecausedthedestructionofMissJane'shometown.地震使珍小姐的故乡遭到毁坏.而sleep是抽象名词,所以只有C符合题意.

47.【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为20%

【考核知识点】介词的用法

【解析】[A]upon(接名词,动名词)一等就等

[B]by用,根据,按

[C]through通过

[D]with用(具体工具)

upon或on后面接动名词时,意为"当等时",在这里相当于when/directlyafter,upon+名词/动名词等于when引导的时间状语从句.如:Upon等于Whenenteringtheroom,Ifoundhimlyingonthefloor.其余选项没有此用法.本句意为:在检查了死亡鼠类的尸体之后.through,常与表示动作,行为的名词搭配做状语.在这里withexaminations的逻辑主语与句子的主语theanimals不相符合.by,主要表示方法,手段.

48.【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为46%

【考核知识点】短语语意辨析

【解析】[A]paidattentionto注意

[B]caughtsightof看到

[C]laidemphasison强调

[D]castlighton阐明,说明,使人了解

payattentionto,如:payattentiontoairpollution关注空气污染,catchsightof(等于see),如:Shecaughtsightofherex-husbandinthestreet.她在街上一眼瞥见了自己的前夫,layemphasison(等于emphasize),如:Helaidastrongemphasisonthestudyofphysicalexercising.他把重点放在体能练习,cast/throw/shedlighton(等于explain),如:Recentresearchhasshednewlightonthecausesofthedisease.最近的研究结果表明对该病的病因已有新的认识.本句大意为:现在,一位研究人员已揭开了这些动物死亡的奥秘.只有B符合题意.

49.【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为19%

【考核知识点】动词词义辨析

【解析】[A]develop得,患(疾病)

[B]produce生产,制造

[C]stimulate刺激,激发

[D]induce引诱,诱使

develop,如:Theoldmandevelopedenteritis.那个老人得了肠炎.produce,如:Beingkindmayproduceamanagreatsumofspiritualwealth.为人友善会给一个人带来巨大的精神财富.stimulate,如:Exercisestimulatestheflowofblood.体操促进血液流动.induce,如:Toomuchpressureinducessleeplessness.太多压力会产生失眠.本题的关 键 词bacterialinfectionsofblood(血液细菌感染)是一种病,属于根据习惯搭配,应该用develop.

50.【答案及考生答对率】B,答对率为24%

【考核知识点】逻辑关系

【解析】[A]if如果

[B]asif好像

[C]onlyif只要

[D]ifonly但愿

这个复合句的主句Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsoftheblood用的是一般现在时,根据时态一致的原则,从句也应该用现在时.但在本题中,从句用的是过去完成时,很显然,主从句的时态不一致.时态不一致一般是由两个原因引起的:时间状语,例如:I'mdoingmyhomework,whileIwasplayingfootballthistimeyesterday.我现在做家庭作业,昨天这个时候我在踢足球.虚拟语气的使用,例如:IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'tdothis.如果我是你,我就不会做这个.此题导致时态不一致的原因是虚拟语气的使用.

If引导条件从句,跟虚拟语气时,主句应相应地使用虚拟语气,如:Thesporteetingwouldbeensuccesul,ifwehadmadeadequatepreparations.如果我们做好很充分的准备,运动会会开得很成功的.

ifonly,接虚拟语气,一般用来引导感叹句,如:Ifonlywehadknownwheretofindthelostchild..

asif一般接虚拟语气,如:Itlooksasifthesnowwouldfall.天好像要下雪了.本句大意为"似乎它们的免疫系统——抵御疾病的自我保护机制——已崩溃."本句使用了虚拟语气,四选项中A,B,D虽然可以接虚拟语气,但只有选项B与题意相符.

PartⅢReadingComprehension

Passage1

文章大意

广告带来的物质利益比其它任何形式所带来的都要多.它可以使货物加速流通,使国内市场稳定发展以参与到国际竞争中.能够提高生活水平,提供人民的就业机会,降低怎么写作费用,最主要的还能为所购产品对其本身的和怎么写作提供价值保证.然而最近有一个知名的电视人宣称反对广告,认为广告的内在劝说作用超过了其应有的提供信息作用,但作者提出观点认为:如果今后所指出的广告仅限于提供信息的话,那么广告将会完全失去其独有的吸引力.

全文精译,答案出处及重点词汇再现

在广告上的钱和我所知花在任何别处的钱一样值得.做广告直接有助于商品以合理的迅速销售(distribution),由此建立起一个稳定的国内市场(homemarket),并使商品能以富有竞争力的出口,通过吸引人们注重新观念,广告极大地促进了生活水平(standardofliving)的提高.广告有助于增加市场需求,从而确保了对劳动力需求的增长,因此,它成为解决失业的一个有效方法(effectiveway).它降低了许多怎么写作的成本:如果没有广告,日报的成本将增加四倍,电视的收视费(license)将会翻倍,乘公共汽车或地铁的费用也将上涨百分之二十.

也许最重要的是,广告为你所购的商品和怎么写作提供了一个合理的价值方面的保障(guarantee).除了国会制定了二十七条法案约束(govern)广告以外,任何正规广告商都不敢推销(promote)与广告承诺不符的产品.广告商可能通过误导性(mislead)广告暂时愚弄一些人.但他不可能长期这样,因为公众有良好的判断力,他们不会一而再地购写劣质的商品(article).据我所知,如果你看到某种商品在不断地打广告,那就表明该商品的确名副其实,的确物有所值.

广告比我所能想象的任何其他方法更能给人们带来物质利益(materialbenefit).

我觉得还有一点应该谈一谈.最近,我听说一位着名的电视人士声称他反对做广告,因为广告意在劝诱而不是在提供信息.他指出的区别过于细微.广告当然是力求说服消费者.

如果广告词仅限于提供信息——就其本身而言,即使有可能,也很难做到这一点,因为,即使像衬衫颜色的选择这类的细节也都带有一点说服性——那么广告将变得枯燥无味,没有人会注意它.但这也许正是那位电视名人所希望看到的.

分段导读

本文是一篇论述广告对现代社会做出很大贡献的文章.

第一段至第三段:指出做广告是值得投资的,然后列举广告的优点,最后得出结论:广告给社会带来的物质利益比其他任何形式都大.

第四段和第五段:对电视界某知名人士的话进行批评,为广告辩护,提出广告既要提供信息,又不可避免地要劝说大众.

答案详解

51.作者通过本文第一句话想表达的意思是

[A]他对广告成本十分熟悉

[B]每个人都很清楚做广告是很费钱的

[C]广告同其它任何东西一样都要花钱

[D]做广告投资是值得的

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为36%

【考核题型】细节题

【解析】对文章首句的理解.该题有两种方法解.

(1)直接从文章首句入手.句中Aswellas有两种意思:1)表示:inaddition(to),除等外,同,和,也.如:Fathergemehelpaswellasadvice.2)AaswellasBas...as比较连词,well为副词"好"的意思,二者连接为"和等一样好".1)意显然在句中讲不通,句中aswellasany相当于aswellasanymoneyspentelsewhere,any后省略了moneyspent.因此该句应该理解为"花在广告上的钱和我所知花在任何别处的钱一样值得".这样一来,D恰是对此句的改写.

(2)从下文推断出首句句意.从文章第二句可以推出作者对广告持肯定态度,并且先谈的是商品的问题.这样可以排除B和C.二者都对广告持否定态度.而选择A选项是对首句中从句"anyIknowof"的错误理解,如果它对,就不会是谈论广告在商品方面的作用而是写钱在广告上如何分配和如何定价等等,因此可以排除A,选择D项.

命题意图是要求考生正确理解句中为避免重复而省略的部分.

52.在文中,广告的优点,不包括下列哪项

[A]确保更大声誉[B]提供更多工作[C]提高生活水平[D]降低报纸成本

【答案及考生答对率】A,答对率为27%

【考核题型】细节题

【解析】题干要求考生回答选项中哪个不是广告的优点.第一段作者对广告给予肯定并且列举带来的诸多好处:(1)它很直接的有益于以合理的产品迅速销售,(2)在稳定国内市场的同时,使产品能够以有竞争力的出口,(3)它给人以新的消费观,从而大大提高人们的生活标准,(4)它有助于增加市场需求,扩大劳动力市场,有效地扩大就业,(5)它使许多公共事业的怎么写作低廉.由此可见,B选项,C选项和D选项都在文中直接涉及,可以排除.因而A为正确答案.

注意:这种"whichisnotincluded"题型相当于except题型,一般要在大范围内搜索,排除原文中已经提到的选项或直接找出与原文不符的选项.

53.作者认为:那位着名的电视人士

[A]非常准确的评价广告

[B]只对消费者的注意力感兴趣

[C]正确的阐明了劝说与提供信息之间的区别

[D]对广告的评价有明显的偏见

【答案及考生答对率】D,答对率为57%

【考核题型】细节题

【解析】题干要求考生回答作者对文中提到的知名人士对广告的看法.文章第四段谈到该知名人士对批评广告更多的是在劝说别人,而不是提供信息.这与作者前面第三段用大篇幅对广告赞扬的态度相反,所以作者对这种观点进行驳斥,以维护自己的观点.根据文章最后一段可以推论作者对知名人士看法持否定态度.因此D为正确选项.

A和C两项都持肯定态度,可以排除.而B选项,在文中并未论及也可以排除.nothingbut意为:只有,除了等之外都不.命题意图要求考生正确理解文章局部细节来体现作者的态度.

54.根据作者的观点.

[A]广告很少能通过提供信息为人带来物质利益.

[B]广告是为人们提供新观念,不是想说服人.

[C]广告劝说消费者购写东西没有错.

[D]消费者对从广告中获取信息不感兴趣.

【答案及考生答对率】C,答对率为40%

【考核题型】细节题

【解析】题干要求考生回答作者对广告所持观点.

通读全文后我们就很清楚作者对广告的态度和观点.文章先是肯定广告给社会带来的诸多好处,然后又指出广告劝说消费者不仅是不可避免的也是必要的,否则便失去了吸引力而导致没人看,这不能作为批评广告的论据.C选项恰恰是作者在文章后面部分的观点,为正确答案.

A选项与第三段"广告给社会带来的物质利益比其他的形式都大"的内容相悖.B选项与第四段作者提出的"广告不可避免地要劝说消费者,其内容不仅仅限于提供信息"的看法不一致.D选项未被提及.

winsb.over(tosth.)等于winsb.todosth.意思是"说服某人做某事".

注意:做此类作者态度题,可以先看选项中是否有选项直接可排除.如果有,进行排除,不能排除的再定位,对照进行排除.

文章难句精析

1.【文章难句】Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprices,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatpetitiveprices.

【结构分析】本句的主干是"Itservestoassist...,therebyestablishing...andsomaking...",thereby后是两个并列分词短语做补语.servedirectlytodosth.意思是:直接用于等.如:Theoilservesdirectlytothetechnicalproduction.原油直接用于工业生产.makeit+a.todosth.意思是:使做某事等.

【参考译文】它直接有利于商品