英语短文写作技巧

写好一篇短文,需要几个关键步骤：审题、编写提纲、成文写作.短文写作要从每个基本步骤扎实练起,方能水到渠成.短文写作步骤技巧常用连词专业英语考试常见命题作文,要想写好一篇短文,需要几个关键步骤：审题、编写提纲与成文写作.

一、审题

即按题目指定内容范围确定中心思想,采用恰当文体,在规定时间内完成作文.例如,文题“TV：agoodthingorabadthing”,先抓关 键 词——TV,再考虑如何围绕其展开议论,阐明看法；另从题目看,文体应属议论文.确定这两点,头脑中便形成明确框架,不致走题或不知如何阐述观点.

二、编写提纲

写提纲,就是为了安排好文章层次和段落,确定选材,逻辑系统地组织文章,更有效地表达所思所想.如果是议论文,提纲中心需包括论点、论据和结论三部分.例如：

Topic：Shouldolderpeoplelivewiththeiradultchildren?

Centralidea：Itisagoodpracticeforolderpeopletolivewiththeiradultchildren.

Supportingideas：

1）Olderpeopleandtheiradultchildrencangetfortandhelpfromoneanother.

2）Housingproblemscanpartiallysolved.

3）Livingexpensescanbereduced.

Conclusion：Olderpeopleareexpectedtolivewiththeiradultchildrenfortheirownaswellastheirchildren’ssake.

三、成文写作

短文写作要从每个基本步骤扎实练起,方能水到渠成.下面从句、段、篇章分别谈谈写作技巧.

1.句

句子是构成段落的基础；成功段落一般包含三种句子：主题句、展开句和结论句.

a.主题句.提示或说明段落主题的句子叫主题句,特点是句式简洁,中心突出,具有概括性,且一次只能表达一个议题.没有主题句,段落就缺少中心,段落意义也含糊不清.下面是题为CareerChangeinMiddle-life的文章中的四个主题句,哪一个更为合适?

1）Ihadalwayswantedtochangemycareer.

2）Atmyfortiethbirthday,ImadeacareerdecisionthatIhemadewhenIwastwenty.

3）EverydayIdreadedgoingtowork.

4）Mypresentjobwasgivingmeulcers.

不难看出2）是正确答案,而3）、4）太具体,1）没提换工作,只是可能要换.句1）、3）、4）可作其他段落而非全文主题句.

b.展开句.其功能为支持主题句所陈述的思想观点,这类句子给出各种细节或例证,以阐述或证明主题的各个方面.

c.结论句.概括、总结性的句子,一般具有概括性、启迪性等特点,是对段落主题的总结.其最佳形式是主题句别具一格、匠心独运的翻版,从而合乎逻辑、顺理成章地结束全文.

2.段

篇章不论长短须分成若干段落,并围绕中心议题相互紧密连接.段落与篇章的关系既紧密相依又独立成体,段落包括起始段、论述段、结尾段.

a.起始段.要告诉读者想阐述的观点,一般来说不宜太长,言简意赅、直接了当为好.主要可采用设问法、质疑法.

1）设问法,要增加文章感染力,直接切入主题,可采用直接提问的方法.如题为GoodHealth的文章可以这样开头：Whyisgoodhealthnecessarytohappinessandsuccess?

2）质疑法,是对某些或大多数人的观点提出疑问,从而道出自己的看法.例如：

Althoughmostpersonsbelievethatmalesarephysicallystrongerthanfemales,thisbeliefisnotbasedonfact.Studiesheshownthatfemalesheabiologicalprecocitythatisevidentfrombirthonward.Theskeletaldevelopmentofgirlsissuperiortothatofboysatbirth,andthisphysicalsuperioritycontinuesuntilmaturity.

这段文章用科研成果说明,男人比女人结实的观点是错误的.

b.论述段,是围绕论点展开论述的段落.要使论述有说服力,可采用以下方法：用事例发展主题句；用比较—对比法发展主题句.

1）事例法,也称列举法,常用连词有：first,second,third或Foronething等foranother等.如：Lookingforwardtothedecadeof1980’s,onewonderswhatpersonalqualitieswillbeneededforsuccess.Possiblythefourmostessentialattributesare：flexibility,honesty,creativity,andperseverance.First,ourrapidlychangingsocietyrequirelexibility—theabilitytoadaptoneselftoreadilytonewideasandexperiences.Next,honesty,thecapacitybothtotellandtofacethetruthcourageously,willbeimportantinallaspectsofpersonalandpublicrelations.Inaddition,creativitywillberequiredtomeettheconstantlychangingworldaroundus.Finally,perseverance,theabilitytoholdonatallcosts,willberequiredinasocietywhereitiullofpetitionorspace,foodandshelter.2）比较与对比,包括两种写法.

①类比法,即将两种不同事物间的相似点进行比较.如：LiYinandLuPinghemanythingsinmon.Tobeginwith,bothgirlshethesamebackground,LiYinwasbornandraisedintheSouth,andsowasLuPing.Inaddition,bothgirlsareinterestedinthesamekindsofsubjectsincollege.LiYinlikesEnglish,math,andputerscience.Similarly,LuPinghasgreatinterestinthesethreesubjects.Furthermore,bothgirlswanttobeengineers.LiYinplanstobeeanelectricalengineer；LuPingwantstobeamilitaryengineer.Asyoucansee,thetwogirlsarealmostliketwins.

②对比法,即强调事物间的不同之处.如：InEuropethereareveryfewwoodenhousesbeingbuilttoday.Thisispartlybecausewoodisnolongerasitoncewas,andpartlybecausewoodenhousescatchfirequiteeasily.Ontheotherhand,therearemanywoodenhousesintheUS.Thisisbecausethefirstsettlerswantedtobuildhousesquicklyandinexpensively.Sincethecountrywascoveredinmanyplaceswithforests,sometreeshadtobecutdowntomakeroomforhouses.

c.结尾段,是一篇文章必不可少的部分.结尾部分草草收场,会使人感到悬而未决,以致全文软弱无力；反之,严谨完整的收尾则会深化主题,给读者以完整感.通常采用综合结论法,即在总结全文的例证、事实等基础上最后得出结论.如：Bysettingagoodexampleforyourchildren,youarenotonlygivingthemagoodmodeltoimitate,youarealsohelpingthemtoincreasetheirchanceorsurvival.Itisnottoosoontohelpyourchildrenbegintoappreciate,understand,andrespecttheenvironmentinwhichtheylive.

文章主要讲述父母有责任帮助孩子了解林木花草、山川河流,学会欣赏与保护美丽的大自然.结尾段通过概括总结,更加深化主题,同时也给读者留下完整印象.