英语语言学试题(6)
Ⅰ.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestpletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10等于20%)1.Chomskyusestheterm()torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticmunication.A.langueB.petenceC.paroleD.performance2.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof().A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental3.TranormationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby()in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday4.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaccordingto()setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.A.AdjacentConditionB.parametersC.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement5.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich"girl"and"lass"belongiscalled()synonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocational6.Theillocutionarypointof()istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.representativesB.missivesC.expressivesD.declaratives7.ModernEnglishwordan,woman,child,eat,fight,ect.originatefrom().A.MiddleEnglishB.OldEnglishC.FrenchD.NormanFrench8.Inadiglossiccountry,thetwodiglossicformsofalanguagearegenerallytwovarietiesofthesamelanguage,buttherearesituationsinwhichtheH-varietymayheno()relationshipwiththeL-variety.A.geicB.socialC.directD.close9.Manyaphasicsdonotshowtotallanguageloss.Rather,differentaspectsoflanguageareimpaired.Aphasicsin()arearevealword-findingdifficultiesandproblemswithsyntax.A.Werniker'sB.visualC.motorD.Broca's10.()motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertomunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.InstrumentalB.FunctionalC.IntegrativeD.Social
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Ⅱ.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10等于10%)11.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed_____.12.Stops,fricatives,affricates,liquids,andglidesallhesomedegreeofo____andarethereforeconsonants.13.M____istheallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.14.A_____isthemovementofanauxiliaryverbtothesentence-initialposition,suchas"be","he","do"etc.15.R____iswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld,itisamatteroftherelationshipbetweenformandthereality.16.InAustin'searlyspeechacttheory,c____werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.17.Intheprocessoffirstlanguageacquisition,childrenusuallyconstructtheirpersonalgrammars,andtheirlanguagedevelopsinstagesuntilita_____thegrammaticalrulesoftheadultlanguage.18.As_____munityisonegroup,allofwhosememberssharethesamelanguageoratleastasinglelanguagevariety.19.Peoplemaymunicatetheirfeelingsorthoughtsvian_____signalssuchaacialexpressions,gestures,postures,orproxemicspace.20.Althoughthedevelopmentofamunicativesystemisnotuniquetohumanbeings,thenaturalacquisitionofl______asasystemofhighlyabstractrulesandregulationorcreativemunicationiswhatdistinguisheshumanromallotheranimalspecies.
Ⅲ.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementialse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10等于20%)21.()Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionusedtorecordspeech,thustherearestillmanylanguagesintoday'sworldthatcanonlybespoken,butnotwritten.22.()Insuchsoundbinationsas/bi:p/,/geip/and/su:p/,thevoicelessstop/p/,occurringinthefinalposition,isunaspirated,i.e.pronouncedwiththestrongpuffofairwithheldtosomeextent.23.()Thepartofspeechofthepoundisalwaysdeterminedbythepartofspeechofthesecondelement,withoutexception.24.()Therelationshipbetweentheembeddedclauseanditatrixclauseisoneofaparttothewhole.25.()Thecontextualistviewofmeaningholdsthatmeaningshouldbestudiedintermsofthesituationalcontextandlinguisticcontext.26.()Searle'sclassificationofillocutionaryactsisbasedontheclassificationofperformativeverbs.27.()Onekindoflanguagechangeresultsinanincreaseofthenumberofexceptionalorirregularmorphemes.Thiskindofchangehasbeencalledinternalborrowing—thatis,we"borrow"fromonepartofthegrammarandapplytherulegenerally.28.()Therearedifferencesinthewaypeopleofvariousagecategoriesspeak.Thedifferenceosteasilynotedbythelaymanarelikelytobegrammaticalinnature.29.()Thelefthemisphereofthebrainissuperiortotherighthemispherebecausethelefthemisphereislanguage-dominant.30()AchildborntoaChineseorEnglishspeakingfamilytakesaboutthesamenumberofyearstoacquiretheirnativetongue,regardlessoftheirgeneralintelligence.Ⅳ.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexampleorillustration.(3%×10等于30%)31.assimilationrule32.root33.boundmorphemes34.surfacestructure35.grammaticality36.elaboration37.bilinguali38.creole39.theSapir-Whorfhypothesis40.fossilizationⅤ.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2等于20%)41.Thephonologicalfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofindividualsoundsarecalledsuprasegmentalfeatures.Discussthemainsuprasegmentalfeatures,illustratingwithexampleshowtheyfunctioninthedistinctionofmeaning.42.Explainandgiveexamplestoshowinwhatwayponentialanalysisissimilartotheanalysisofphonemesintodistinctivefeatures.