网站原创【摘 要】出国留学,作为一种最常见的的国际教育与文化交流形式,会导致不同文化之间的冲突.本文主要分析了文化冲击的原因并提出一些关于如何减少文化冲击和实现跨文化适应的建议.
【关 键 词】出国留学文化冲击跨文化适应
ABSTRACT：Studyingabroad,asthemostmonformoftheexchangeofinternationaleducationandculturecanleadtotheconflictsbetweendifferentcultures.Thisarticlemainlyanalyzesthereasonsofculturalshockandgivessomesuggestiononhowtoreducethecultureshockandrealizeculturaladaptation.
KEYWORDS：StudyingabroadCulturalshockCulturalAdaptation
CHAPTER1
NowadaysanincreasingnumberofChinesestudentsstudyabroad.Thisprocessisaprocessofculturalcontact,whichiscalledculturaladaptationintheacademicfield.Itbringsaboutnotonlynovelty,butalsochallenge.Thereasonisthatlivingindifferentcultureeansthechangeofwayoflife,thinkingpattern,etc.what’worse,noteveryonecanoverethiskindofchangeandsuccesullyadapttotheforeignlife.Allofthesearecalled“cultureshock”.Thusthispapermainlyanalyzesthemajorreasonsofculturalshockandgivessomesuggestionandcountermeasuresonhowtoreduceculturalshockandrealizeculturaladaptation.
CHAPTER2
ReasonscausingCulturalshock
2.1Culturaldifferences
Culturaldifferencesarethemaincausesofcultureshock.
2.1.1Thedifferenceinvalues
ItisdifficultforInternationalstudentstounderstandtheculturalvaluesofforeigners.Thiskindofvaluesofinevitablyresultsincross-culturalmunicationbarriers.Taketheinteractionwithotherorexample,Chineseprefercollectivi,notonlypromotingpowerandauthority,butalsorespectingthemitmentandtradition；whilewesternerspreferindividualiinthattheydaretochallengethepowerandauthority,payattentiontoequality.
2.1.2Thedifferenceinthinkingpatterns
ThetraditionalthinkingpatternofChineseiscollectivi.SothethinkingmodeofChinesetraditionalculturehasthecharacteristicsofstrongconcretenessandoperability.However,westerncultureadoptstheoppositewayofthinking.Itisakindofjumpthinkingpatterncharacterizedbyanalysisandlogicreasoning.Thusthewesternculturehasstrongsenseofabstractness.Thiayleadtothecorrespondingbarriersincross-culturalmunication.
2.1.3Thedifferenceinnationalculture
Culturesetignoresculturaldifferencesbetweenindividualsandisdifficulttochangeonceformed.Ifinfluencedbyculturalset,Chineseinternationalstudentswillstayintheconflictsbetweennativecultureandforeignculture.Meanwhiletheyeasilyheastrongsenseofnationalconsciousness.Eventhoughthisconsciousnesscanwillhindereexplorationofnewhorizonsandtheacceptanceofnewculture.2.2Thelackofknowledgeofcross-culturalmunication
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Thelackofknowledgereservesaboutotherculturesisinsufficient,adequateestimationofthedifficultiesofstudyingabroadandpsychologicalpreparationisanothercauseofcultureshock.
2.3Theindividualdifferences
Theindividualdifferencesheadirectimpactonthedegreeofcultureshock.Thedifferencesinpersonalfeaturesofeachinternationalstudentsuchasageage,gender,personality,aredirectlyrelatedtothedegreeofcultureshock.
CHAPTER3
SomeMeasuresFacilitatingCulturalAdaptation
Oneisthetrainingofcross-culturalknowledge.Facingtheculturaldifferences,Chineseinternationalstudentsshouldreceivesometrainingaboutcross-culturalknowledgeexceptthetrainingoflanguagebeforegoingabroad.Thiskindofcross-culturalknowledgecoveranyaspects,suchasthesocialsystemandcultureofthecountry；meanwhile,asystematicstudyofChinesecultureisessential.Onlyinthiswaycanweheaparisonofthedominantvaluesoftwoculturesinordertofindoutthesimilaritiesanddifference,andpredictevenoidthepossiblecontradictionsandconflicts.
Theotheristomakemorefriends.Internationalstudentsshouldfreethemselveromself-segregation,widelymakefriendswiththestudentswithdifferentnationalities,especiallywiththelocals,andunderstandandrespectthedifferentcultures.
CHAPTER4
Conclusion
Thebarriersofcross-culturalmunicationareplexanddiverse.SoChineseinternationalstudentsshouldholdtheprincipleof"seekingmongroundwhileputtingasidedifferences",andtakeanactiveattitudetowardsthisadaptation.Personally,withtheincreaseofChineseinternationalstudentsandthefurtherdevelopmentofeducationofoverseasstudents,thecross-culturalmunicationhasarousedwiderconcern.
【Bibliography】
[1]LinellDis.中西文化之鉴.北京：外语教学与研究出版社.2010
[2]胡文仲.跨文化交际学概论[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社.2010.