再科技英语文写作中的定义与叙述

摘 要：本文针对科技英语论文的特点,论述了科技英语论文主体中常用的定义与叙述写作方法,分析其常用句型的结构、特点并给出多种不同形式的应用实例.

关 键 词：科技英语论文写作；定义；叙述

中图分类号：H315文献标识码：A

文章的主体是科技论文的核心部分,是主题思想的展开和论述.作者可根据需要在文章中加小标题,将主体内容分为几个部分进行论述.科技论文的英文写作通常把每段的主体句（TopicSentence）放在段落的第一句,全段围绕主体句论述,定义与叙述是科技论文写作中又一种常用的写作方法.

一、定义（Definition）

(一)Introduction

Whenmakingahypothesis（检测说）orotherstatement,scientistustmakesurethattheywillbeunderstoodbyotherresearchers.Misunderstandingsoccurwhentherearedifferentconceptsofwhatisbeingdiscussed.

Adefinitionanswersthequestion,“Whatisit”Sometimesadefinitionisnecessarybecauseawordorconcepthaorethanonemeaning.Forexample,whethercarbonisametalornonmetaldependsonhowyoudefinecarbon.Atothertimes,adefinitionisrequiredbecauseatermisbeingusedinaspecialway.Forexample,physicistsusethetermsworkandenergyinwaysthataremorespecificthantheirmonmeanings.Adefinitionshouldbepleteenoughtoincludealltheitemsinthecategoryyetnarrowenoughtoeliminateitemsthatdonotbelong.TheGreekphilosopherPlatooncedefinedmanasatwo-leggedcreaturethathasnofeathers.TheproblemwithPlato'sdefinitionwasthatitdidnotdistinguishamanfromothertwo-leggedcreatureswithoutfeathers.Communicationbetweenresearchersisdependentonprecisedefinitionsofsubstances,concepts,processes,andideas.

GreekphilosopherPlato希腊哲学家帕拉图

(二)Sentencepatterns

Sentencepattern1:

Anastronomerisascientistwhostudiestheuniverse.

Abarometerisaninstrumentthatmeasuresairpressure.

Conductionisaprocessbywhichheatistranerred.

Alaboratoryisaplacewhereexperimentsareperformed.

Physicsisthestudyofmatterandenergy.

Avoltisaunitformeasuringelectricalpressure.

Sentencepattern2:

Mercuryisaliquidmetal.

Asbestosisafire-resistantmineral.

Adinosaurisaprehistoricreptile.

Amonkeyisaall,long-tailedprimate.

(三)ApplicationExamples

be是

mean意思是,意味着,意指

denote表示,指

imply意思是,意味着

benamed命名为,被称为

Examples：

1.Printersareoutputdevices.

打印机是输出设备.

2.Multiprogrammingmeanstheexistenceofmanyprogramsindifferentpartsofmainmemoryatthesametime.

多道程序意味着在主存储器的不同部分同时存在着多个程序.

3.Datadenotesacollectionoffactsthatcanserveasoperandstoputerprogram.

数据是指可作为计算机程序操作对象的集合.

4.A“system”impliesagoodmixtureofintegratedpartsworkingtogethertoformusefulwhole.

“系统”意指将协同工作各部分适当地综合而成的一个有效的整体.

5.Thefirstdigitalputerbuiltin1946attheUniversityofPennsylvaniawasnamedENIAC.

第一台计算机是1946年在宾夕法尼亚大学建造的,命名为ENIAC.

二、叙述（Describing）

(一)Introduction

Adescriptionservestointroduceascientist'sviewoftheworld.Itmaydescribeconditions,resultsofanexperiment,chemicalchanges,physicalmovements,orwhatisseenthroughatelescopeormicroscope.Adescriptionmayalsotellthecharacteristicsordistinctivefeaturesofanobject―howitlook,sounds,tastes,ells,works,orisproduced.

Thenatureofsomethingcanbeexplainedbydescribingit.Forexample,theconceptofanatomisdifficulttograspfromadefinitionalone,butadescriptionofitsappearance,detailingitsstructureandfunction,makesiteasiertovisualize.

(二)Sentencepatterns

TheNileRiveris4,145mileslong.

MountEverestis8,848metershigh.

TheDeadSeais11mileswide.

TheNileRiverhasalength4,145miles.

TheSunhasasurfacetemperatureof11,000°F.

TheGrandCanyonhasadepthof5,500feet.

Thecolorofiodineispurplishblack.

Thetextureofsandisroughandgranular.

Theorbitsofplasareelliptical.

Plutoisrelativelyall.

Bluestarsareextremelyhot.

Coppersaltsareslightlyblueinaqueoussolutions.

(三)ApplicationExamples

be是

beconsidered（tobe）被认为是,被看作

beknownas被称为是,被认为是,即

bereferredtoas称为,叫做

bethoughtofas被认为是

beregardedas被认为是

Examples:

1.Thisabilitytoallowinterruptstointerruptpreviousinterruptsserviceroutinessafelyarereferredtoasnestedinterrupts.

允许某些中断去中断先前的中断怎么写作程序,并能正确运行的能力称为嵌套中断.

2.Oneofthemostimportantcharacteristicsofaputerisitscapabilityofstoringinformationinitemorylongenoughtoprocessit.

计算机最重要的特性之一就是具有这样一种能力,即在它的存储器中保存信息时间长到足以对这些信息进行处理.

3.Inthemajorityofapplicationstheputer'scapabilitytostoreandaccesslargeamountsofinformationplaysthedominantpartandisconsideredtobeitsprimarycharacteristic.

在大部分的应用中,计算机能够存储和访问大量的信息这一特性,起了关键的作用,并被看成是计算机的主要特点.

除了定义（Definition）与叙述（Describing）的写作方法以外,科技英语论文常用的写作方法还有：比较（Comparing）、因果（CauseandEffect）、检测设（Hypothesizing）、证明（GivingEvidence）、实验（Experiment）、计算（Calculating）、报告（Reporting）、预测（Predicting）等.